《山海经》各地点的定位长期以来不能确定。晋陶渊明有“流观山海图”的诗句,晋郭璞在给《山海经》作注时有“图亦作牛形”、“在畏兽画中”、“今图作赤鸟”等文字。朱熹指出“予尝读《山海》诸篇,记诸异物飞走类,多云‘东向’,或云‘东首’,皆为一定而不易形,疑本依图画而为,非实记载此处有此物也。古人有图画学,如《九歌》、《天问》皆其类”。本文认同朱熹等人的研判。中国古代的地理测绘非常发达。笔者在2020年1月15日发表的《纹明,从《舆地山海图》研判中国最早完成全球测绘》[ 程碧波《纹明,从《舆地山海图》研判中国最早完成全球测绘》,2020年1月15日,https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/103877647
]中指出《舆地山海图》就为中国绘制。本文以《山海经》的描述作为地形研判重要标准,得到相对应的经纬度坐标。由于篇幅所限,各个坐标的逐一研判过程,另文发表。
坐标定位结果
以下位置坐标及范围,并不表示坐标点在此区域范围的中心点。各地点第一个坐标为经度,第二个坐标为纬度，单位为度。
第一章 南山经
一 南次一经
箕尾山116.254655,23.462380。青丘山114.552042,23.647791。基山113.087318,23.790731。亶爰山111.618790,23.929605。柢山109.648235,24.074789。杻阳山107.994948,24.193885。 猨翼山106.174197,24.290892。堂庭山104.293556,24.372395。招摇山102.821396,24.431515。
二 南次二经
漆吴山119.608593,25.365391。鹿吴山117.791062,26.901506。区吴山115.339584,26.514224。虖勺山112.881540,25.705977。旬山110.881465,25.747587。咸阴山108.875461,25.764612。仆勾山106.369611,25.808513。夷山103.842684,25.826163。会稽山101.355627,25.880286。成山 98.879509,25.843514。 浮玉山 96.275772,25.783168。句余山 93.896814,25.647016。瞿父山 92.089520,25.216713。羽山 90.230569,25.240320。尧光山 88.505650,25.218553。长右山 86.814049,25.160160。柜山 85.328896,26.693335。
三 南次三经
南禺山120.437197,28.062381。禺槀山117.468704,28.273464。仑者山114.514028,28.235682。令丘山112.600300,28.183760。鸡山110.575288,28.228371。灌湘山108.015463,28.341389。阳夹山105.483861,28.464217。非山首102.980171,28.515015。旄山尾100.964771,28.516872。发爽山 98.890775,28.482042。丹穴山 96.324391,28.440224。祷过山 93.768950,28.271736。天虞山 91.138119,28.337983。
第二章 西山经
一 西次一经
钱来山110.677886,34.351317。松果山110.355083,34.337940。太华山110.080070,34.472960。小华山109.911255,34.477434。符禺山109.359916,34.376247。石脆山108.658763,33.988009。英山108.269188,34.047103。竹山107.814309,34.047103。浮山106.780753,34.102453。羭次山106.359851,34.147734。时山105.512272,34.290934。南山104.878524,34.328882。大时山103.752966,34.145612。嶓冢山101.176753,34.178647。天帝山 99.501302,34.778155。臯涂山 97.322791,33.647947。黄山 93.785963,34.391271。翠山 92.633321,34.201269。騩山 91.609073,33.444004。
二 西次二经
钤山114.378175,28.397688。泰冒山113.455658,28.479730。数历山112.433151,28.540436。高山111.818150,28.564057。女床山111.203102,27.652899。龙首山110.103599,27.718927。鹿台山109.254628,27.922047。鸟危山108.318064,27.487405。小次山106.135200,27.417680。大次山104.776287,27.418276。薰吴山102.749015,27.376306。厎阳山100.726082,27.345857。众兽山 99.497364,27.312434。皇人山 97.108001,27.329075。中皇山 95.430581,27.649387。西皇山 93.689766,27.594748。莱山 92.166899,27.484710。
三 西次三经
昆仑112.215370,35.338640。轩辕丘104.152084,35.759155。玉山106.277844,35.607417。积石山102.596605,35.840928。长留山101.522816,35.875099。章莪山100.069401,35.754474。阴山 97.308636,35.916790。符惕山 95.485823,35.980632。三危山 93.600106,37.042698。騩山91.776120,37.861046。天山 89.855764,38.091281。泑山 88.006691,37.548966。翼望山 87.591679,37.703536。嬴母山109.393415,35.353366。乐游山110.339086,35.485206。槐江山113.703183,36.931762。泰器山115.587630,36.478122。钟山116.592520,36.393560。密山117.283110,34.614847。不周山118.128040,32.694306。长沙山119.419267,31.222342。崇吾山120.618342,29.755347。
四 西次四经
阴山 97.308636,35.916790。劳山 97.329564,36.355021。罢父山 97.034688,36.363678。申山 97.057977,37.139787。鸟山 97.252242,38.032204。上申山 97.214407,38.760036。诸次山 97.128406,39.565755。号山 97.057694,40.380114。盂山 97.024977,41.371986。白於山 95.531565,41.348417。申首山 94.911343,42.679872。泾谷山 94.748931,42.901034。刚山 94.119334,43.241494。刚山尾 92.836628,43.490424。英鞮山 90.652362,43.567504。中曲山 88.792258,43.377681。邽山 87.189877,43.326405。鸟鼠同穴山 85.636430,43.631145。崦嵫山 83.525019,43.138301。
第三章 北山经
一 北次一经
虢山110.885980,35.704753。涿光山110.773878,33.899437。谯明山110.787430,32.297349。带山110.664529,30.537365。求如山110.654301,29.168776。单狐山110.596097,28.026647。虢山尾111.125284,37.396461。丹熏山111.283569,38.366019。石者山112.071685,39.244678。边春山111.926440,39.718166。蔓联山112.054574,40.559150。单张山111.999773,44.265647。 灌题山112.015522,45.704628。潘侯山112.051128,46.609733。小咸山112.110455,47.645694。大咸山112.290226,48.902877。敦薨山112.398947,50.266211。少咸山112.676610,51.118554。狱法山112.810259,52.025163。北岳山112.818135,52.935627。浑夕山112.882807,53.731907。北单山112.877403,53.972614。罴差山112.900159,54.428136。北鲜山112.872150,55.264045。堤山112.897836,56.046475。
二 北次二经
敦头山118.463119,43.285127。诸余山116.881982,41.950641。狂山115.203064,40.781435。尔是山113.564795,39.830064。白沙山111.449620,39.219059。狐岐山111.529601,37.647922。县雍山111.314347,36.754123。少阳山111.308681,36.488684。管涔山112.704066,36.441545。钩吾山119.097853,44.721081。北嚣山120.660273,45.482716。梁渠山120.765629,47.026073。姑灌山120.774533,48.819553。湖灌山120.779524,50.521525。洹山121.041343,54.126169。敦题山121.001796,55.465080。
三 北次三经
归山113.581419,36.313495。龙侯山114.181194,37.048400。马成山114.470707,37.881592。咸山114.607611,38.183097。天池山114.799196,39.056652。阳山116.532556 39.013583。贲闻山118.479917,39.391699。王屋山118.490706,39.895648。教山119.855448,40.781848。景山119.206334,39.543849。孟门山119.929810,38.185739。平山121.051792,37.053347。京山122.146581,37.246135。虫尾山123.275765,37.273704。彭毗山124.724159,37.965470。小侯山125.671154,38.080283。泰头山127.762708,37.880176。轩辕山128.325341,38.659921。谒戾山127.396867,39.130971。沮洳山129.163451,39.143243。神囷山129.207865,40.461426。发鸠山129.256125,41.364643。少山129.679203,41.797371。锡山130.247995,42.601099。景山130.230502,43.501705。题首山130.214966,43.957750。绣山130.190779,44.190301。松山130.194883,44.731485。敦与山130.522488,45.347635。柘山130.869282,46.073844。维龙山131.623116,47.336149。白马山132.215988,48.056825。空桑山132.659043,48.967272。泰戏山:132.765685,50.340127。石山132.919127,51.793929。童戎山133.006439,52.719392。高是山133.140754,54.057793。陆山133.083637,55.411233。沂山133.153153,56.339644。燕山133.175326,56.891356。饶山135.706472,61.188639。乾山138.587416,62.437965。伦山142.913856,63.592787。碣石山145.835157,65.390579。雁门山148.020048,67.619083。帝都山150.363504,69.782774。毋逢山147.187914,71.871802。
第四章 东山经
一 东次一经
樕?山-145.210393,68.483995。藟山-145.211966,67.149622。栒状山-145.335639,65.707172。勃亝山-145.436085,64.396849。番条山-145.387383,63.061075。姑儿山-141.868757,62.279582。高氏山-138.825175,61.212050。岳山-136.563142,60.454488。犲山-134.202980,59.794411。独山-132.230476,58.886739。泰山-130.782276,57.789352。竹山-129.437298,56.655769。
二 东次二经
空桑山-121.748027,68.734601。曹夕山-121.875673,66.085329。峄皋山-124.363324,64.492584。葛山尾-124.208124,61.018007。葛山首-125.679342,59.495893。余峨山-125.655653,57.781668。杜父山-125.341770,56.439101。耿山-125.322407,55.085822。卢其山-125.297724,53.784398。姑射山-125.388452,52.069555。北姑射山-122.976127,51.089549。南姑射山-121.093791,50.450457。碧山-121.097989,49.086638。缑氏山-121.581256,46.889804。姑逢山-121.652432,45.472836。凫丽山-121.444889,43.234352。?山-121.420256,40.974229。
三 东次三经
尸胡山-111.441379,68.643711。岐山-112.291272,64.877776。诸鉤山-112.360015,62.622005。中父山-112.512695,59.475882。胡射山-103.840264,59.500676。孟子山-103.108366,56.477633。跂踵山-107.681917,53.043380。踇隅山-108.025226,48.968302。无皋山-108.481102,45.365588。
四 东次四经
北号山 -97.824242,67.519974。旄山-97.934296,66.147910。东始山-97.911692,64.700329。女烝山-95.888373,63.705690。钦山 -95.162577,62.891503。子桐山 -94.450102,62.163412。剡山 -92.951879,62.712811。太山-90.974362,62.659711。
第五章 中山经
一 中次一经
甘枣山103.465397,28.113795。历儿山103.567903,28.106078。渠猪山103.644323,28.106688。葱聋山103.822511,28.111836。涹山103.898779,28.112889。脱扈山104.255421,28.118303。金星山104.357847,28.119276。泰威山104.712538,28.133400。橿谷山104.788229,28.137680。吴林山105.400219,28.163291。牛首山105.398043,28.297259。霍山105.399219,28.479896。合谷山105.395486,28.711768。阴山105.395195,28.869505。鼓镫山106.774221,30.211460。
二 中次二经
辉诸山111.265947,28.974887。发视山110.465742,28.418893。豪山108.930213,28.465565。鲜山107.390203,28.443084。阳山105.863021,28.469158。昆吾山104.845348,28.477722。葌山104.220365,28.467698。独苏山103.452298,28.466299。蔓渠山102.564048,29.023979。
三 中次三经
敖岸山102.812154,29.376949。青要山102.896289,29.376363。騩山103.004640,29.272159。宜苏山103.199989,29.221586。和山103.251444,29.219651。
四 中次四经
鹿蹄山111.032154,29.313821。扶猪山110.773277,29.317758。厘山110.156148,29.333830。箕尾山109.126796,29.381334。柄山107.838165,29.410920。白边山106.814378,29.482457。熊耳山105.802507,29.560028。牡山104.245491,29.612890。讙举山102.370783,29.812177。
五 中次五经
苟床山103.009764,29.903891。首山104.547569,29.862864。县<属刂>山106.088883,29.809195。葱聋山107.621834,29.712211。条谷山109.663703,31.117476。超山109.670001,31.191607。成侯山112.301988,31.185268。朝歌山114.925079,31.166758。槐山117.544009,31.082872。历山117.599447,31.077453。尸山117.654326,31.072434。良余山117.725027,31.066593。蛊尾山117.769791,31.035358。升山117.845138,31.099992。阳虚山117.952594,31.088001。
六 中次六经
平逢山107.188366,30.028431。缟羝山107.136289,30.029494。廆山107.083450,30.028741。瞻诸山106.931546,30.041430。娄涿山106.777566,30.044362。白石山106.568963,30.052795。谷山106.308662,30.054610。密山105.976484,30.060149。长石山105.453040,30.078393。傅山104.725844,30.114202。橐山104.463244,30.128957。常烝山103.996768,30.150586。夸父山103.529367,30.163820。阳华山103.061201,30.167707。
七 中次七经
休与山103.291109,30.545740。鼓钟山104.853798,30.492323。姑媱山105.900380,30.482255。苦山106.010843,30.482463。堵山106.150583,30.480547。放皋山106.421328,30.477515。大<非/古>山106.717236,30.476193。半石山107.012082,30.464743。少室山107.342254,30.462173。泰室山107.495774,30.462006。讲山107.496457,30.595935。婴梁山107.500049,30.730891。浮戏山107.655373,30.729247。少陉山107.867762,30.715727。太山107.903833,30.670965。末山108.009414,30.670132。役山108.137866,30.668510。敏山108.320071,30.668973。大騩山108.476021,30.659870。
八 中次八经
景山103.551520,31.107662。荆山104.029406,31.313705。骄山104.666205,31.713084。女几山105.174515,32.040267。宜诸山106.026519,32.591802。纶山107.560021,33.486554。陆陒山108.421329,34.058893。光山109.160155,34.045150。岐山109.970514,34.016133。铜山110.682596,34.017298。美山111.089262,34.314663。大尧山111.504937,34.612170。灵山112.659645,35.569879。龙山112.945904,35.569879。衡山113.138640,35.628381。石山113.392120,35.391066。若山113.420188,34.849584。彘山113.904436,34.481088。玉山114.485470,34.005568。讙山114.751173,33.780511。仁举山115.358524,34.233625。师每山115.629416,34.226896。琴鼓山116.425392,33.613106。
九 中次九经
女几山103.864622,31.604227。岷山105.084786,32.466210。崃山105.609776,32.921890。崌山106.412787,32.914393。高梁山108.015092,32.896230。蛇山110.152987,32.870803。鬲山112.823361,32.853562。隅阳山113.925324,33.836900。岐山115.277553,33.809526。勾檷(mì)山116.894743,33.747310。风雨山117.708218,33.740521。玉山118.440104,34.408338。熊山119.254555,34.386464。騩山120.015135,34.384932。葛山121.103617,34.367844。贾超山122.029710,34.355056。
十 中次十经
首阳山106.114902,32.105565。虎尾山105.850648,32.112010。繁缋山105.651344,31.965227。勇石山105.576800,31.900738。复州山105.470373,31.900815。楮山105.311095,31.903954。又原山105.202472,31.905676。涿(zhuó)山104.938775,31.912280。丙山104.570518,31.909404。
十一 中次十一经
翼望山104.426411,33.285729。朝歌山104.971121,33.791376。帝囷山105.789273,33.205028。视山105.992677,33.058719。前山106.780129,32.445083。丰山107.953937,31.529496。兔床山110.981935,34.081445。皮山111.304954,34.054739。瑶碧山111.629857,34.053897。支离山111.847440,34.052153。祑<竹/周>山111.999362,34.238619。堇理山111.621538,34.564013。依轱山111.738273,34.473835。即谷山111.875227,34.363109。鸡山112.017224,34.224975。高前山112.218984,34.074386。游戏山112.329976,33.975205。从山112.460675,33.863018。婴<石西/土>山112.574713,33.766146。毕山112.691739,33.672318。乐马山112.775342,33.613916。葴(jiān)山112.863831,33.529179。婴山113.080061,33.528738。虎首山113.240298,33.528766。婴矦山113.348287,33.527578。大孰山113.617089,33.522488。卑山113.832979,33.519532。倚帝山113.995112,33.516185。鲵山114.155480,33.512219。雅山114.317392,33.509726。宣山114.587712,33.506608。衡山114.829830,33.501695。丰山115.045283,33.495710。妪山115.423166,33.483876。鲜山115.585464,33.479000。章山115.745458,33.473996。大支山115.880018,33.470435。区吴山116.148583,33.462659。声匈山116.417391,33.452300。大騩山116.686618,33.441778。踵臼山116.740589,33.439346。历石山117.002901,33.665734。求山117.389500,33.351302。丑阳山118.464456,33.288267。奥山120.069320,33.195440。服山120.255679,33.182363。杳山120.843773,33.143884。几山122.714737,33.077130。
十二 中次十二经（请以此为准，替换掉前文的“中次十二经”）
篇遇山104.291691,33.836883。云山104.567530,33.922024。龟山105.149333,33.592239。丙山105.531050,33.587759。风伯山105.728911,33.434583。夫夫山106.534793,33.414008。洞庭山107.000750,33.036294。暴山107.733673,32.508134。即公山108.487224,31.865044。尧山109.023049,31.302703。江浮山109.396806,30.976569。真陵山110.444305,31.017398。阳帝山110.903167,30.648357。柴桑山110.880636,30.245381。荣余山112.600111,30.245012。
第六章 海外经
一 海外南经
结匈国 67.724253,39.081935。南山 69.963829,38.105349。比翼鸟 72.874553,38.279438。羽民国 77.200534,36.239404。毕方鸟 81.429996,35.845186。讙头国 84.750580,36.882030。厌火国 86.008495,37.462618。三株树 87.890888,38.361746。三苗国 90.170697,37.742115。臷国 94.322214,38.266471。贯匈国 98.130091,36.341540。交胫国102.739634,35.535930。不死民106.854811,34.810720。歧舌国111.007703,35.493623。昆仑虚111.881526,35.181149。寿华野112.874232,36.302089。三首国115.553178,35.154104。周饶国117.464534,35.597369。长臂国136.705295,35.473886。狄山113.652408,32.276525。帝尧113.227387,32.135834。帝喾113.422699,32.503863。范林113.177920,31.604993。祝融115.013513,30.175862。
二 海外西经
灭蒙鸟 95.023560,26.453037。大运山 98.565290,28.326449。大乐野102.569945,31.479130。夏后启103.019954,32.163655。三身国102.263304,33.541305。一臂国101.849851,34.295774。奇肱国100.752882,33.880105。形天 98.955522,34.023069。女祭、女戚 97.515745,34.880732。维鸟 97.550768,35.134422。丈夫国 97.694629,35.408663。女丑尸 97.755438,35.860797。巫咸国 98.180469,36.527123。并封101.247153,35.611843。女子国 98.598603,36.939172。轩辕国102.428480,36.110332。穷山106.392988,39.151650。诸夭野101.546881,38.276639。龙鱼103.447189,38.867274。白民国104.432235,40.279429。肃慎国106.471360,40.901582。长股国107.440643,42.044350。
三 海外北经
无启国105.002554,36.764698。烛阴106.022886,37.051160。一目国108.926226,36.559244。柔利国111.738042,38.002079。相柳氏113.627409,36.388831。共工台114.053929,37.213616。深目国115.741999,37.379965。无肠国117.750092,36.623069。聂耳国121.820160,37.181463。夸父国126.899847,37.712037。拘缨国133.545991,35.367981。寻木133.107592,34.646874。跂踵国133.682027,35.345265。欧丝野133.990471,35.358437。三桑134.736220,35.233988。范林135.402174,35.113517。务隅山137.465818,36.216977。颛顼136.015121,34.621902。九嫔140.092755,38.203680。平丘135.271460,35.184917。禺强143.186340,43.661893。
四 海外东经
尧葬 -91.554419,-0.378597。嗟丘-91.286510,-0.179281。大人国 -72.799222,7.355854。奢比尸 -88.297816,14.901103。君子国-100.818276,24.690717。朝阳谷-102.862609,26.037966。青丘国-109.153387,36.137270。竖亥 -103.240642,30.645767。黑齿国-109.292666,35.941244。雨师妾-125.290159,54.794109。玄股国-147.482463,62.806637。毛民国-148.956199,64.127964。劳民国-147.604469,68.534681。句芒 -77.149007,23.720329。