摘要:文学素养是英语学科核心素养中文化意识的重要组成部分。文学素养的培养有助于学生阅读能力、写作能力、表达能力的培养和自信心的提升。英语阅读教学是培养学生文学素养的重要载体和途径。本文基于新课标和课堂实践探索,列举了阅读教学中培养文学素养的措施,并结合一节高中英语阅读课的课例,探讨如何将培养文学素养有机融入英语学习中。
关键词:阅读教学;文学素养;小说阅读
一、引言
小说是人类文学宝库中的一笔巨大财富。在人类数千年的文学史中,浩如烟海的小说记录下了世间百态,人情冷暖,对于人类了解、研究世界上各种各样的语言文化提供了大量的素材。在高中英语学习阶段,学生通过学习难度适中、内容丰富的英语小说节选段,既能够强化阅读与写作能力,又能够激发对文学作品的热爱,从而提升自身的文学素养。随着新课程改革的不断推进,越来越多的小说素材被引入课堂教学,从而提高了对相关课型的教学要求。教师在教学活动中,不仅要注重传统意义上的对语言材料的讲解,更要注意带领学生领略语言的艺术及其背后的人文内涵。因此在高中英语教学中,通过不断的教学实践逐步改善提升小说阅读教学方法是大有裨益的。
二、阅读教学中培养文学素养的措施
1. 深入研读语篇,挖掘文学价值。外研版高中英语教材中包含不少的文学作品,但是缺乏系统性与深度。因此,教师要充分挖掘教材,解读其文学内涵,并指导学生赏析语篇,体验作者情感,提升文学素养。
2. 创设有意义的语境,体会文学魅力。文学素养的培养不仅需要知识的积累,更重要的是创设有意义的语境,让学生在各种教学活动中体会到文学的魅力,并激发自身对文学的热爱。教师设计的各种活动要能够加深学生对教材内容的理解,丰富学生的文化体验,并在提升学生语言能力的同时促进其文学素养的发展。
3. 充分利用各种资源,丰富文学体验。文学素养的培养不是一蹴而就的。课堂教学时间有限,而丰富的课外活动能够让学生大量接触文学作品,从而促进文学素养的提升。教师要充分利用各种资源开展将语言学习与文学体验融为一体的校园文化实践活动,如课外阅读、表演、采访、演讲等,让学生在准备和参与的过程中体验丰富的文化现象,从而间接培养学生的文学素养。
下面,笔者结合一节高中英语阅读课的课例,进一步探讨如何在阅读课中培养学生的文学素养。
三、课例介绍
1. 教材分析
本课的内容为外研版高中英语选修六Module 2的Reading and Vocabulary部分,其阅读材料是来自Philip Pullman的幻想类小说His Dark Materials的节选段The Cat That Vanished。该节选段讲述了男孩Will偶遇了一只猫,在猫的引导下找到了一个通向另一个世界的洞,并通过这个洞到达新世界后决定不再返回的故事。故事题材想象力丰富,对学生有极大的吸引力。语言描写生动形象,但部分词汇对学生而言偏难。故事情节环环相扣,逻辑性强。总之,这是一篇适合高中英语学习的语言材料。
2. 学情分析
本课的教学对象为高中二年级下期的学生。学生们热爱文学,尤其喜欢各类小说的阅读。但是,由于这段阅读材料节选自英文原版小说,其丰富的词汇和表达会给学生的阅读造成一定的障碍。因此,开展适当的教学活动对于学生理解阅读材料有着极大的帮助。
3. 教学目标
(1)语言知识目标
学生通过对语言材料的阅读理解,能够理清人物角色,弄懂故事情节,归纳主旨大意。此外,学生能够通过思考,理解部分表达背后的深层次含义,从而对小说的主题能够有更加深刻的理解。
(2)语言技能目标
学生通过对语言材料的阅读理解,能够领会到其中准确的词汇运用与生动的语言表达,并将其运用到日常写作中,从而提升自身的写作技能。
(3)情感目标
学生在阅读的过程中,能够体会到幻想类小说的丰富多彩,感受到英语语言的无穷魅力。同时,学生通过对阅读材料深层次的思考,能够逐步建立起自身的文学素养。
四、教学过程
Step 1: Lead-in
Show students some movie posters and ask two questions.
Q1: Which movies do they come from?
Q2: Do these movies have something in common?
Step 2: Fast Reading
Read the story fast and divided it into 3 parts, then match each part with its corresponding main idea.
Part 1 (Para ____--____) a. Will entered a new world and decided not to return.
Part 2 (Para ____--____) b. Will found a hole and climbed through it.
Part 3 (Para ____--____) c. Will met a cat and it vanished.
(Keys: Part 1: Para 1-6, c; Part 2: Para 7-11, b; Part 3: Para 12-14, a)
Step 3: Careful Reading
[1] Read Part 1 carefully and fill in the blanks with verbs or phrases used to describe the cat in this part.
The cat __________ out of a garden and __________ to __________ her head against Will’s knuckles. Eventually, the cat __________, __________ across the road and towards the bushes. She __________, __________ a paw to __________ something, then __________ backwards, back __________ and fur __________, tail __________ stiffly. After another few seconds of __________, __________, __________, curiosity overcame wariness. The cat __________ forward, and __________.
(Keys: padded, came up, rub, turned away, padded, stopped, reached out, pat, leapt, arched, on end, held out, sniffing, touching, whisker-twitching, stepped, vanished.)
[2] Read Part 2 carefully and find out some detailed information of the hole, then fill the form with it.
detailed information of the hole
appearance a __________ cut out of the air
location __________ from the road edge
shape roughly __________
size __________ across
(Keys: patch, two meters, square, less than a meter)
How to see the hole: (match different angles with corresponding results)
level with the patch (edge-on) a. visible(not easy to see)
from behind b. nearly invisible
from the side nearest road c. completely invisible
(Keys: -b, -c, -a)
[3] Read Part 3 carefully and think about the questions below.
What were the new world like?
(Keys: descriptions in Para 12-13)
Why did Will decide not to return to his original world?
(Keys: Whatever the new world was, it had to be better than what he’d just left.)
Why did Will “turn away with a shudder”? (Para 14)
(Keys: Although he had decided not to return to his original world, it was still difficult to make such a decision, and he must be nervous about the unknown future, so “a shudder” vividly conveys his complex emotion.)
Step 4: Language Appreciation
Appreciate the use of underlined verbs, and discuss why the author use the underlined words instead of the words mentioned behind?
(title) The Cat That Vanished. (why not use “disappear”?)
(Keys:“vanish” means “to disappear suddenly”)
(Para 2) She padded out of a garden... (why not use “walk”?)
(Keys:“Pad” means “to walk with quiet steps”)
(Para 4) Then she leapt backwards... (why not use “jump”?)
(Keys:“Leap” means “to jump high or a long way”)
(Para 5) After another few seconds of sniffing... (why not use “smell”?)
(Keys:“Sniff” means “to breath air in through the nose in order to discover or enjoy the smell of sth.”)
(Para 11) ...and his heart thump harder... (why not use “beat”?)
(Keys:“thump” means “to beat strongly”)
Step 5: Consolidation
Try to write a short paragraph to describe one of them: the happy time spending with lovely pets. the environment of your schoolyard in a specific season. While describing them, please try to use proper words and make the language accurate and vivid.
Step 6: Homework
As we can see, the story is unfinished. What will happen in the new world? What challenges will Will be faced with? Please continue writing this story drawing upon you own imagination.
五、反思与总结
第一,本课的话题对学生有着较强的吸引力,学生们也乐于去探索其中的语言现象。学生们的活动参与度高,课堂的气氛较也较为活跃。
第二,本课的第四个环节语言赏析是在高中英语教学中的一种创新尝试,学生们可以通过这个环节体会到文学作品中语言的魅力。但是,这个环节的问题设置偏难,学生可能需要借助于查阅字典才能完成。
第三,本堂课的容量较大,教师若不能很好地把握时间,或者学生的配合程度不够的话,在有限的时间内容易无法完成教学任务。故本课的任务量还有待精简,教学方式还有待提升。
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