入乡随俗规避错误——英语学习中常见的错误--中国期刊网

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入乡随俗规避错误——英语学习中常见的错误

发表时间：2020/8/3 来源：《文化时代》2020年5期作者：王永胜

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由于受母语汉语的影响，中国学生在学习英语时带上了已有的汉语的惯性思维，再加之缺乏语言基本功，常常会出现语法上的一些问题。毕竟，我们是在学习一种与汉语不同的语言，所以“入乡随俗”，准确掌握英语语法、把握这种语言的规律，无论在英语的听、说方面还是读、写方面都是非常重要的。
        常见问题类型：

        一、没有词性、词形变化的意识。（因为汉语没有词性、词形的变化）
        例如：乘火车旅行很安全。
        飞机安全着陆了。
        安全是首要的问题。
        错误的英语表达：Traveling by train is safe.（本句正确）
        The plane landed safe.
        Safe is the first thing.
        正确的英语表达：Traveling by train is safe.
        The plane landed safely.
        Safety is the first thing.
        再如：帮助别人是一种美德。
        错误的英语表达：Help others is a virtue.
        正确的英语表达：Helping others is a virtue.
        又如：读书也是一种阅历。
        错误的英语表达：Reading book is also an experience.
        正确的英语表达：Reading books is also an experience.

        二、没有动词时态不同的想法。（因为汉语动词没有时态的变化）
        例如：昨天我吃大米。
        每天我吃面条。
        明天我吃饺子。
        错误的英语表达：I eat rice yesterday.
        I eat noodles everyday.
        I eat jiaozi tomorrow.
        正确的英语表达：I ate rice yesterday.
        I eat noodles everyday.
        I will eat jiaozi tomorrow.

        三、没有句子成分正确排序的方法。（英语句子的排序一般主谓宾在前定语状语在后）
        例如：我昨天在街上碰到了一位老朋友。
        错误的英语表达：I yesterday in the street met an old friend.
        正确的英语表达：I met an old friend in the street yesterday.
        再如：我上大学时结识了很多朋友。

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        错误的英语表达：I went to college made many friends.
        正确的英语表达：I made many friends when I was in college.
        又如：他就是我们在昨天会上提到的哪个人。
        错误的英语表达：He is we referred to at the meeting yesterday the person.
        正确的英语表达：He is the person whom we referred to at the meeting
        yesterday.

        四、没有非谓语动词的概念。（英语一个句子中只能有一处谓语动词，不可以出现很
        多处谓语动词，除非有连词连接。）
        例如：有个学生站在操场上。
        错误的英语表达：There is a student stands on the playground.
        正确的英语表达：There is a student standing on the playground.
        再如：下课了，学生们说着笑着走出了教室。
        错误的英语表达：After class，students talked，laughed，walked out of the
        classroom.
        正确的英语表达：After class，students talked，laughed and walked out of the
        classroom.
        or：After class，students walked out of the classroom talking
        and laughing.

        五、没有句子正确表达的原则。（不可以用“，”把两个英语句子隔开，除非有连词
        或干脆就是两句话。）
        例如：没了公交车，我只好步行回家了。
        错误的英语表达：There were no buses，I had to walk home.
        正确的英语表达：There were no buses.I had to walk home.
        Or： Because there were no buses，I had to walk home.
        Or： There were no buses，so I had to walk home.
        Or： There being no buses，I had to walk home.

        再如：这家工厂有300名工人，其中绝大多数是女工。
        错误的英语表达：There are 300 workers in the factory，most of them are
        women.
        正确的英语表达：There are 300 workers in the factory.Most of them are
        women.
        Or：There are 300 workers in the factory and most of them are
        women.
        Or：There are 300 workers in the factory，most of whom are
        women.