胡怡 重庆市铁路中学校 重庆 400053
【摘要】近年来，国外的EFL教学实践中有关语篇衔接的理论和方法已应用到课堂教学中，有效地提高了学生说话、写作和实际表达思想的能力。国内也开始了不少探索，虽然大多数研究都是针对大学英语教学和写作能力的培养，但是将衔接理论应用于中学英语教学的研究也十分丰富。通过个案研究高中学生在做2016年全国卷II的阅读七选五试题过程中的思维过程和衔接理论的分析整理，研究高中学生的学习策略差异和对衔接理论的认知差异。
【关键词】衔接理论 高中 英语教学心理 个案研究
中图分类号：G688.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：ISSN1672-2051 （2020）09-183-02
1.研究问题
本研究以衔接理论在全国卷2016年II卷英语阅读七选五题型中衔接机制的运用例，首先整理分析高中学生对高考真题中呈现的衔接手段及其特点的认识，以便根据其特点循序渐进、针对性地逐层推进教学。其次，本研究还将整理分析处于高中学生的英语阅读现状及运用衔接手段时常出现的问题。然后，研究如何在高中英语阅读教学中渗透衔接手段的教学，提高学生对衔接手段的识别意识和应用能力。同时，分析衔接理论运用前后给高中学生的阅读理解是否带来差异。
因此，本文的主要研究问题如下：
a. 全国卷2016年II卷英语阅读七选五题型中呈现的衔接手段有哪些特征?
b. 学生在阅读中对语篇衔接手段的理解和运用存在哪些问题?
2. 研究对象
研究以笔者所在学校，重庆市铁路中学校高三年级同一班的2名英语成绩差异较大的学生为研究对象，进行个案研究。其中同学A英语成绩在120分左右，同学B英语成绩在80分左右。
3. 研究方法
此次研究笔者采用了测试法和访谈法。首先，在实验过程中，笔者对个案研究的两名同学进行了同一套试题的测试。最后，笔者对着两位同学进行了导出式访谈。深入了解学生在做题过程中的思维过程，并介绍衔接手段在阅读中的应用，提高对衔接手段的识别和运用能力。
4. 研究过程
试题测试
题目一
(替代) 题目二
(连接) 题目三
(比较) 题目四
(连接) 题目五
(照应)
学生A × √ √ × √
学生B × × √ × ×
通过该表对学生AB的错题统计可以看出，这两名学生衔接机制的掌握情况：
a. AB同学都对于比较这类衔接机制掌握得较好，反映在题目中即Some…Others…Still others的衔接连贯中，出现Some…和Others…能联系到Still others。
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)．__3__．However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
A．Know why you garden
B．Find a good place for your own garden
C．It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D．It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
b. A同学对照应这类衔接机制掌握比B同学好，反映在题目中即根据前句中the gardens这个复数名词，选出后句正确选择中的those gardens。
If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.__5__. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown－up garden. Have fun.
A．Know why you garden
B．Find a good place for your own garden
C．It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D．It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
c. A同学对连接这类衔接机制掌握比B同学好, 反映在题目中能根据段落大意推测出标题内容。
•__2__
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)．3. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants．However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
A．Know why you garden
B．Find a good place for your own garden
C．It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D．It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
d. AB同学对指代这种衔接机制掌握得不好，反映在题目中不能结合that联系前文a garden指代。
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts？__1__．But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
A．Know why you garden
B．Find a good place for your own garden
C．It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D．It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
e. AB同学对连接、指代和照应这类衔接机制的综合使用掌握都不好, 反映在题目中不能结合联系选项our与后文us进行指代，不能结合后文破折号（——）联系前文阐释连接，不能对feel和experience进行照应。
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. __4__—how being in those gardens made us feel.
A．Know why you garden
B．Find a good place for your own garden
C．It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D．It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
四、研究结果
通过本次个案研究我们可以发现高中英语能力较强的学生在知识储备，学习能力和策略，对题型的理解上都要优于英语能力较差的同学，而这些都阻碍了英语能力较差的同学的学习，进而对其学习动机有所影响。对于教学的启示是多鼓励学生词汇的学习积累，多反思学习过程和多交流做题思维过程。
通过本次个案研究我们可以发现对于高中英语阅读七选五试题，题目难度较小的是连接中较为明显的递进关系，难度中等的是照应和替代关系，最难的是连接关系以及各种衔接手段的综合使用。对于教学的启示是加强各种连接关系的介绍，引导学生对各种衔接手段综合使用的认知和应用。
本次研究的不足在于，虽然两位同学是同一个班级接受同一位老师的英语教学，但是没能提前排除两位同学词汇量差异这个变量，进而对本研究的结果有所影响。采取的是个案调查的方式，研究时间过短，不具有太大的说服力，只能针对老师对这两位同学以后的教学有益。希望后来的研究能针对样本更大的实验对象进行时间更长的研究。
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