李婷
云南省红河州弥勒市第四中学
摘要:高中英语的语法部分是英语学习的重要组成部分,学语法的目的在于会用语法,但我校学生基础薄弱,学起来比较吃力。同时,英语作文中常用到的句式涉及到很多语法知识,因此我认为,可以把语法知识和作文结合起来,通过背作文句子来促进语法的学习,通过分析句子的语法来掌握语法规则,通过大量反复的语言背诵输入在脑子中进行语法知识构建,起到一举两得的作用。本文从倒装句,定语从句,名词性从句,非谓语动词等语法上进行举例剖析,熟悉作文句子中的语法,来促进语法的学习。
关键词:英语教学,语法,背诵
一、概述 传统的英语语法教学,教师把大量时间及精力用于对语法知识的讲解,内容枯燥,课堂气氛沉闷,学生基本处于被动状态,收效甚微。学语法是为了理解和应用,单纯讲语法规则,把语法和使用割裂开来,并不可取。针对我校学生基础薄弱,缺乏学习兴趣,写作和语法都是大问题,那我们为何不换个思路,把这两者结合起来呢?让语法和写作碰撞,让学生体验语法规则,理解英语的规律,同时运用到写作中,一箭双雕。
二、语法分类例析
(一)倒装句式指的是,谓语动词的一部分(助动词、情态动词或系动词)放在主语的前面,其余部分仍然在主语的后面,为了突出句子的某个成分,可以采用这种句式。以下是部分倒装的一些情况。
1.so/such…that…引导的结果状语从句,为了强调某一部分,把so或such提到句首的时候,主谓要倒装,例如:
(1)So popular is it that it attracts many people to visit. 这里很受欢迎,所以吸引了很多人来参观。
(2)So?friendly?and?outgoing?am?I?that?I?can?get?along?well?with?others,?which?is?very?important?for?a?volunteer.我是如此的的友好和外向,以至于能和别人相处得很好,这对于一个志愿者来说是很重要的。
(3)Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。
2、only及其所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首的时候,句子要倒装。例如:
Only by working hard,can we realize our dreams in the future.只有通过努力工作,我们将来才可能实现自己的理想。
3、never,not only,hardly等具有否定意义或者否定形式的词或词组位于句首的时候,主谓进行倒装,例如:
(1)Not only am I interested in English, but also I have a good command of computer so that I am fit for the job.我不仅对英语感兴趣,而且精通电脑,因此我适合这份工作。
(2)Not only can I gain a lot of useful information,but also I can play some interesting games to relax myself on the Internet.在网络上,我不仅可以获得许多有用的信息,而且我还能玩一些有趣的游戏来放松自己。
4、在虚拟条件从句中,如果从句中有should,?were,或助动词had的时候,可以将if省略,将这些词放在句首,构成倒装,例如:
(1) Should you treat my application favorably, I would spare no effort to offer my best service.
如果你能看中我的申请,我将不遗余力的提供最佳服务。
(2)Were I two years younger, I would suggest that I invest in today。如果我年轻俩岁,我会建议投资现在。
通过背诵以上四种情况的倒装句,基本可以掌握倒装句这一部分的语法知识。
(二)、定语从句:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。
1、关系代词引导的定语从句,在句子中充当主语或宾语,例如:
(1)I have a lot of hobbies, such as swimming, running ,singing, painting and so on , which can make my life interesting and colorful.我有很多爱好,像游泳,跑步,唱歌,画画等等,它们让我的生活变得有趣而丰富多彩
(2)The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional festival of China, which is actually a day for family reunion.中秋节是中国的传统节日,实际上是家人团聚的日子。
2、先行词是those且指代的是人,关系代词用who
(1)Those who want to take part in the English-speaking contest are required to sign up for it at the Students’ Union office before May 25.参加演讲比赛的同学请在5月25号前到学生会办公室报名。
(2)Those who want to participate in the contest are supposed to sign up at the office of the Students' Union.想要参加比赛的同学到学生会办公室报名。
3、介词+which=关系副词,例如:
We can make this world a better place in which to live. 我们能把这世界变成更美好的生活之地。
以上三种情况是定语从句的常考点,通过背诵,学生可以在语法填空或改错中选择正确的关系代词或关系副词.
(三)、名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫做名词性从句,其功能相当于名词词组,有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四类。
1、主语从句
(1)What is even more important is that we should keep a positive attitude to life.更重要的,我们应该对生活抱有积极的态度。
(2)It is well known that computers are playing an important role /part in our daily life.众所周知,电脑在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。
2、宾语从句
(1)I was wondering whether it needs my report card in my senior school.我在想,是否需要我高中的成绩单。
(2)I firmly believe that you will succeed sooner or later. 我坚信你迟早会成功。
3、表语从句 The reason why... is that.... .....的原因是.....
(1)The reason why I am writing to you is that I’m honored to invite you to attend the activity which will be held in my school next Friday night.我给你写信的原因是我很荣幸的邀请你参加我校下周五举行的活动。
(2)The reason why we come here is that we are dying to go to college.我们到这儿的原因是我们渴望上大学。
4、同位语从句
(1)I?hold?a?firm?belief?that?I?can?perfectly?live?up?to?your?expectations.?我坚信我能完全达到你的期望。
(2)There is no doubt that She has good pronunciation and writing. 毫无疑问,她的发音和写作都很好。 What I need is just a chance.我所需要的仅仅是一个机会。
(四)、强调句
1、it is/was+被强调部分+that/who.....
(1)It was not until yesterday that I received your package.直到昨天,我才收到你的包裹。
(2) It is your generous help that enables me to obtain this splendid(极好的)opportunity of further education.是你慷慨的帮助让我得到这个极好的深造机会。
2.do强调动词
(1)I do hope that... 我确实希望.....
By the way, I do hope that you can help me improve my English writing ability which has puzzled me for years.顺便说一下,我确实希望你能帮我提高困扰我多年的英语写作能力。
(五)、非谓语动词 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式,动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
1、动名词和现在分词
(1)Learning that you are interested in the Spring Festival , I'm wring to invite you to spend it with my family. 知道你对春节感兴趣,我写信邀请你和我的家人共度春节。
(2)Knowing that you are interested in Chinese culture, I would love to invite you to attend a lecture about it. 知道你对中国文化感兴趣,我想邀请你去参加一个讲座。
2、过去分词
(1)Faced with so many difficulties, I never give up but make up my mind to study harder to realize my college dream.面对这么多困难,我绝不放弃而是下定决心更努力学习去实现我的大学梦。
(2)Once hired, I would be very grateful and I would devote myself to the post.一旦雇佣,我将非常感激并投入到工作中。
3、动词不定式
(1)It is a really good opportunity to experience Chinese culture.这是体验中国文化的一个好机会。
(2)I'm writing to warmly invite you to participate in an activity organized by our school.我写信诚邀你参加我校组织的一次活动。
(六)、其他语法句式
1、The+比较级+主+谓,the+比较级+主+谓
(1)The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你学习越努力,你取得的进步就越大。
(2)The more books we read, the more learned we become. 我们读书越多,我们越有学问。
2、With 的复合结构
(1)With so much homework to do every day, I have no more time to do sports.每天有这么多作业要做,我没有更多时间去做运动。
(2)With the development of science and technology, our life will be better and better.随着科技的发展,我们的生活将会越来越好。
(3)With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers. 日落西山时,我们不得不跟工作人员道别。
(4)With the Spring Festival drawing near, nearly all Chinese families are busy doing preparations for it.随着春节的来临,几乎所有的中国家庭都在忙着为此做准备。
3、感叹句
(1)How +形容词+ it is + to do sth !
How important it is to study English well ! 学好英语是多么重要啊 !
(2)How happy I am to hear that many years of your efforts have paid off!得知你多年的努力有了回报,我是多么高兴啊!
(3)What a +形容词 +可数名词单数(+主语+be)!= How +形容词/副词(+主语+be)!
例句:What a lucky girl(you are)! 你真是一个幸运的女孩!
How lucky you are! 你真幸运!
(4)When it comes to the festival that I like best,Spring Festival always occurs to me in no time.当提到我最喜欢的节日的时候,春节总是立刻出现在我脑海里。
(3)It is requested that all students should arrive at school before 8:00 am.根据要求所有学生要在八点以前到达教室。
三、结语 教师教学离不开实践,学生的英语学习离不开积累。本文从几大重要语法点例举了作文中经常用到的句子,通过背诵这些句子来熟悉语法规则,把语法知识和写作技能相结合,在真实语境中学以致用或以用促学。