周晓颖
安徽省淮南市凤台县第八中学
摘 要:教会学生写作是英语教学中的一大难题,通过对该课例的研究,观察并探讨教师如何在课上创新思路,以学生的学习行为为视角,优化教学策略,抓住学生的年龄特点,由简入难地解决写作中的问题,让学生在课堂中体验到真实的写作的任务,获得写作的自信,同时打造高效课堂,从课例研究中得到反思与收获,不断调整教学策略,转换教学方式,让学生得到发展。
关键词:教学策略,高效课堂
一、研究主题与内容
本课时是新目标版七年级(下)Unit 2 What time do you get up?的第四课时,整个单元的学习任务是围绕日常活动日程展开听、说、读、写的活动,通过学习,学生可以掌握描述日常生活的基本词汇和对时间的提问及回答。本课的主要学习任务是在学会相关词汇及句型之后,通过习题的处理复习基本词汇和重要句型,同时以写作的形式输出语言,对日常生活日程进行准确表达。但是,如何对句子进行合理地组织,将时间的表达与相应的活动结合起来,成为本课的重点,同时涉及到一般现在时态的运用。因此,在写作中,语言的组织有很大的空间。本课在英语写作教学中有很强的代表性,在初中英语阶段也占据着重要地位。通过对该课例的研究,来探讨写作课的具体教学策略,研究如何在课上讲练结合地引导学生去明确思路、快乐写作,同时保证课堂的高效。
课程名称:7B Unit2 What time do you get up? Writing
授课教师:蚌埠第一实验学校 陆凡
二、教学规划和方案
1.学情分析
七年级学生经过一学期的英语学习,虽然已经掌握了基本的简单句型,但漫长的假期之后,知识会产生一定程度的遗忘;疫情期间的居家学习使教师对于学生的课前测试受到一定的限制,学生的学习状态难以正常维持。同时,写作也是学生英语学习中的一大难点。班里大部分学生的写作仍然停留在仅仅表达出题目中汉语大意的水平,写出来的大都是英语中的简单句,中等以下的部分学生甚至不能正确写出合乎英语语法的句子。教会学生可以正确、生动地进行英文写作虽有难度,但总体来说,七年级学生对英语的兴致很高,他们更乐于接受有吸引力的学习活动,如果教学中抓住其年龄特点和学习心理,将会有效提升其学习效果。
2.课前预习备课环节
(1)课前个人教学构思及教学过程
Teaching Aims:
1.Knowledge Aims:
(1)Students can master the key words and sentence patterns.
(2)Students learn how to talk about one’s daily routines.
(3)Students can consolidate the language points learned in this unit and check the process.
2.Ability Aims:
(1)Students are able to tell unhealthy habits from healthy habits.
(2)Teacher can improve and develop students’ writing skills.
3.Emotional Aims:
Lead students to form good habits and appreciate time.
Teaching Important and Difficult Points
1.Students can learn how to talk about one’s daily routines.
2.To tell unhealthy habits form healthy habits.
Teaching Methods:
Work in pairs and groups.
Task-based Method.
Teaching Aids:
Blackboard ,PPT
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Warm-up
1.Greetings
2.Revision
(1)Show some pictures about activities learned in this unit,lead students to talk about them.
(2)Play a video about some activities in a student’s daily life,lead students to share their ideas.
Step 2 Presentation
1.Show a passage about a daily routine of the student above.
2.Show the sentences in 3a and ask students to read through the sentences silently to get them in right order to make a short description.
3.Have them do it individually,check the answers with their deskmates first.
4.Check the answers together.
5.Lead students to read the complete description together.
Step 3 Practice
1.Give students several minutes to think about their own daily routines.Write a short passage about it,take the description in 3a as a modal.
2.As they work,move around the room checking the progress and offering help as needed.
3.Invite some volunteers to present their passage to the whole class.
Step 4 Consolidation
1.Conclusion
Lead students to conclude the important language points in this unit together.
2.Self Check
Ask students to read through the instructions of these two activities so that they can know how to do them.
Then give them enough time to do these activities individually.
Check the answers later.
Step 5 Summary
In this period,we’ve mainly learned how to talk about daily routines and we’ve also consolidated the knowledge through some writing practice.At last,we concluded the language points in this unit and did Self Check to check the progress.
Step 6 Homework
1.Copy the key words and phrases three times in this unit.
2.Finish the exercises in the workbook.
3.Preview the next unit.
(2)与线上教师教学设计的比较与评价
陆老师在这节课中,没有按照传统式地复习已学词汇和句型,讲解教材中的习题,让学生去完成写作;但事实上,并没有脱离课本,而突显教学策略的灵活性。陆老师在指导写作的起始阶段,让学生罗列日常活动的短语,相当于完成了Self Check中习题的处理,对学困生和中等生而言,这一步也是面对写作任务时简单有效的起点;在引导学生如何把某人进行日常活动的句子与不同的时间状语结合的过程中,让学生明确了日常活动的表达顺序,步步引导学生理清写作思路,其教学效果相当于处理了教材中的3a;而在组织行文时,教会学生用连词连接的句子已经远远多于3a中呈现出的句子,从某种程度上说,这一步骤,不但囊括了教材中的练习内容,而且提升了习题的效果,为一些学有余力的学生提供了更丰富的学习资源,更高质量地完成了3b的写作任务。
整个课堂陆老师设计得充实高效,分步走教会学生从短语到语篇的组织。其间,不仅有语言的输入与输出,也有思维导图在学生大脑中的构建,是一节系统化的写作课。
在课前热身环节,陆老师采用一个在校学生的卡通视频叙述其一天的生活,内容言简意赅,句式简单又囊括本单元重要词汇,既是对刚学习的旧知的复习提炼,又是对本课写作策略的一个暗示,内容贴近学生日常,画面生动有趣,很吸引学生眼球,设计简单而暗藏玄机。
在谋篇策略方面,陆老师用一个思维导图作为主线带领学生层层递进地去展示词汇、短句、长句、段落直至一个完整的语篇。每个环节都是讲解、示范在先,适当引导,当堂练习。由简入难地教会学生如何从词组到句子,增加时间状语,添加修饰词使句子更生动,添加连词使句子更流畅,在初步形成一篇文章的正文之后,启发学生加上开头与结尾以完成一篇完整的文章,之后,陆老师又给学生展示一个评价表,从多个角度示范学生如何用它去检查自己的作文。最后,通过展示警察与医生的无规律的日常生活,对学生进行恰当的情感教育。
整体上感觉陆老师的这节课教学策略有很强的目的性,是基于对现实的教学活动而采取的。教学的每一环节均设计了活动,由简入难,层层递进,满足各种层次学生的需要。学生在活动中真正地进行了语言的学习和训练,进而体验到完成任务的满足感,获得写作的自信,而这正是本课的教学目标。
三、同步跟进听课观课环节——线上教师教学过程记录
听课内容:7B Unit2 What time do you get up? Writing
授课教师:蚌埠第一实验学校 陆凡
Step 1 Warm-up
1.Greetings
2.Revision
Play a video about a boy’s daily life.Lead students to listen to Tony and review his daily life.
Step 2 Presentation
1.Show learning goal of this class,”Write about our daily routine”.
”It’s Tony’s daily life.In this class,Let’s learn to write about our daily life.”
2.Show a mind-map to teach students how to write a passage.
图1 图2
3.Read 2b they’ve learned again,lead students to pay attention to the verbs in each sentence.
4.Explain the Simple Present Tense.
Step 3 Practice
1.Lead students to think about “What to write”
2.Give students two minutes to write down some daily activities in a day .
3.Teach students how to change these phrases into sentences by adding the subject“I”.Give students some examples.
4.Check the answers together.
5.Then help students to organize them by adding Time clue,Qualifiers,
Conjunctions and Structure step by step.Practice in the same way giving
Students different time to write different sentences as time is limited.
图3 图4
图5 图6
Step 4 Consolidation
1.Consolidate “How to write a daily routine?” by a mind-map to lead students to think about how they can get a whole passage in this class.
图7
2.Show an assessment box and tell students they can use it to check their writing so as to get a better passage.
3.Lead students to check a passage together and encourage students to have a try like this.
图8
Step 5 Summary
1.Listen and read two passages from a policeman and a doctor.
2.After checking these two passages,help students find they are so tired,but they help us and they love their jobs.Encourage students to wok hard at present and struggle for a better future!
Step 6 Homework
1.Write about you or your parent’s daily routine.
2.Polish and check your writing according to the assessment form.
四、课例反思环节
写作课一直是我们日常教学中感到棘手的课型,我平时对于写作课的教学也感到无从下手,在每单元最后一课时总是按部就班地以教材的顺序处理练习,在写作上也是纸上谈兵似地给学生示范句子。而学生在单元练习中仍会较多地暴露问题,长此以往,学生会感到乏味,作文中的错误不见减少,甚至有重复性的问题发生。因此,教学策略要从学生的知识水平,思维角度等方面出发,把握教学内容,与学生一起交流,在教师的引领下,让学生逐步获得思路、方法,更加深入地理解语言,内化写作技巧,教学目标也是水到渠成。陆老师这次以写作策略构建并高效开展的写作教学是独具匠心的。
五、交流探讨共同提升环节
通过最近的线上学习,与本组老师共同备课研讨,我对英语的写作课有了更明确的认识。
1.在教学中不能一味停留在教材的表层,要有创新思路,敢于挖掘教材。
2.教学中要多研究学生的学习行为,换位思考,优化自己的教学设计。必要时降低难度,层层递进,以满足各类学生的需求。
3.平日教学通过操练帮助学生形成单词—短语—短句—长句—语篇的良性循环,注重常态化的写作能力的培养。
4.作为教师在教学中要多反思,把自己的所见所想落实到真实的课堂,及时发现并努力解决在实际教学中遇到的疑难问题,力争体现在实际教学效果上。
通过多学习多听课,我会更加用心地反思并审视我的教学,不断调整我的教育策略,进而转换自己的教学方式,增加课堂的广度和深度,用智慧的教学策略去打造高效课堂,让学生在课堂中有收获,有发展。
参考文献
[1]吴小玲:教师如何做好课堂教学设计 长春:吉林大学出版社,2010.3,第114页。
[2]李琴:教师如何让课堂更加生动有趣 长春:吉林大学出版社,2010.3,第22页。