许丽莉 福建省石狮第一中学
【摘要】新高考改革带来了新题型,其中概要写作是学生们最为恐惧的题型。 针对如何提高学生概要写作水平这一课题进行研究势在必行。在服务选才的高考时代,“读写思”教学模式成为高中英语教学的关键,经课题组探索,这一模式也适用于概要写作。本文主要从“创设教学情境”、“阶梯式教学”、“学生作文互评”三个方面入手,就如何利用“读写思”教学模式提高高中英语概要写作课堂效率进行实践研究。
【关键词】高中英语,概要写作,课堂效率
中图分类号:G652.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:ISSN1001-2982 (2020)11-092-01
学以致用,学生对英语知识的学习最终要提升到语用,学习才有时效性。学生必须读思共进,思写相随,才能熟练掌握句子的语法,才能够掌握写作之技巧。英语写作是练习学生英语语法,锻炼学生英语思维的关键方式。因此,对提高学生英语概要写作课堂效率进行深入研究,总结出以下三种方法:
一、精心设计教学情境,提高学生去读去写去思考的积极性
在教学过程中,根据教学内容创造具有色彩的具体场景,把抽象的英语知识形象化,这种教学方式就是创设教学情境。教师精心设计教学情景,可以激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生参与学习的积极性,尤其在导入阶段,可利用短视频,如Amazing China跟学生一起领略祖国大好河山,一起步入英语课堂; 亦可利用闽南语导入英语课堂,以出人意料的开局提高学生的课堂参与度;通过Matching Game, 渗透概要写作技巧,特别适合换词环节。
在教学过程中循循善诱,抓住学生的兴趣点逐步引出课堂重点,引发学生思考,这种教学方式不仅激发了学生参与英语学习的兴趣,克服了学生对概要写作的恐惧,使学生感受到英语的魅力。还可在所创设的情境中,发散学生思维,在brainstorm和相互学习后,将一篇篇高质量的英语作品落实到纸上,提高学生的英语概要写作能力。
二、从“读写思”训练入手,有利于学生夯实基础
英语概要写作展现了学生英语综合水平,欲写出一篇高质量的英语文章,对学生英语听、说、读、写、看的训练环节缺一不可。学生的英语写作水平是一个长期积累的过程,在教学中,切不可以盲目拔高,可从单词Paraphrase抓起,进而对一些经典的英语句子进行默读、朗读、分析,让学生熟练掌握句子,了解其语法结构,并将英语句法与汉语句法进行异同对比,使学生能够灵活地进行汉英转换、句式转换;再从句扩至段落,延至篇章;从简单到复杂,层层深入,实行阶梯式教学,使学生一点一点的积累英语知识,为提高学生的英语写作水平打好基础。
例如,让学生写一篇北师大版 Unit 2 Lesson 3 Sports Stars的Summary Writing,建议按以下步骤进行课堂教学:
Step1:Read the passage as quickly as possible and choose the best theme and genre.
(Theme: Tennis Champion Sisters Genre: Narration)
Step 2: Read each paragraph to find out the six elements of narration (5W+1H) and pay attention to the first sentence or key words , getting the topic of each paragraph.
(Paragraph 1: Venus and Serena Williams are both sisters and tennis champions who often play tennis each other.)
(Paragraph 2: Born in a poor and dangerous area of California, the two sisters and their family moved to a safer area in 1991, ultimately and never looked back since then.)
(Paragraph 3: The sisters’ father, Richard, started to train them when they were young children. Meanwhile, Brandi, their mother, taught them at home so that they completed their high school while developing their tennis careers. After their tennis careers end, they are studying design at college, which interests them.)
(Paragraph 4: Their road to success has been amazing.)
Step 3: Cut down the details like examples, punctuation and detailed explanation.
Step4: Make the paraphrase and rewrite the passage to summarize.
Step 5: Connect the summary with some linking words.
Step 6. Read the summary and polish it.
(Possible version: Born in a poor and dangerous area of California, Venus and Serena Williams are sisters and tennis champions, whose family ultimately moved to a safer area in 1991 and never looked back since then. When they were young, their father, Richard, started to train them. Meanwhile, they completed their high school at home under the instruction of their mother named Brandi. After their tennis careers end, they are studying design which interests them. Additionally, their road to success has been impressive.)
这种阶梯式的教学模式,在完成课堂任务中,学生不知不觉通过读-思--写的步骤进行概要写作,掌握概要写作技巧,提高课堂效率。
三、鼓励学生互评、互改概要,引导学生思进
学生之间概要互评的过程,也是学生发现概要写作问题的过程,通过发现同学在英语概要写作上存在的问题,进而自我反思,有利于学生提高自身的概要写作水平。
例如,A同学与B同学互改过程中,发现B同学句子“because heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting.”缺少介词,应该改为“because of heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting”,A同学带队B同学的句子进行改动时,同时也是一个是我提升的过程,以后在自己的英语写作过程中,会更加注意避免这方面的错误。
反之,学生在概要互评、互改时,也可以发现对方概要中的闪光点,并进行学习仿写,积累应用。总之,学生概要互评、互改,亦是一个读-思-写的学习过程,亦可培养自身之于概要的判断能力,提高英语概要写作质量。
四、结束语
高考新题型--英语概要写作,是一个“读思共进,思写相随”的输入和输出复合型读写题型,利于考查考生知识储备、阅读能力、思辨能力、表达能力。但是现阶段,师生对于概要写作的研究学习尙未成熟,相信只要坚持“读写思”教学模式,假以时日,在师生的共同努力下,学生英语学习效果将会愈来愈好。
参考文献
[1]刘华梅.打造高效课堂感受英语魅力――如何提高高中英语课堂教学效率[J].新课程,中学,,2014,18.