广西百色祈福高级中学 农夫 533000
摘要:本文将从实际出发，挑选出两篇高考的书面表达进行分析。并且，从学生写作中去发现存在的问题与书面表达不足的点。随后，立足于句子、词汇和逻辑思路的观点出发，使用案例进行探究和分析，以便能够有效的指导学生在高考当中英语的书面表达。
关键词：词汇运用；逻辑关系；书面表达
引言
针对中学的英语书面表达，是存在于学习英语的听说读写之间的一种学习能力。当然，英语的书面表达更是作为学生语言表达能力的关键体现。根据现在教育教学发展的重点不同，和现在所处语言存在的环境与原有自身语言的影响等多种问题的存在，所以，在养成中学生英语书面表达能力转变成为了现在中学英语教育的一个重要内容。写作能力，作为英语听说读写当中的一种重要能力，也是现在高中英语教育教学当中培养的薄弱部位。现在将结合英语教育教学的实际情况，为中学英语的书面表达提出一些有效的指导策略。
一、高考书面表达写作案例
【案例一】
Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Ederly
Today is 1 May, Li Yue and Zhang Hua go to Sunshine Nursing Home make volunteers. There is no doubt that they help the elderly make housework, and give some fruits. It is important that they get along with the elderly very well.The elderly are willing to chat with them. They wish student volunteers can go to there always.I think that student volunteers bring sunshine to the elderly. They are offer to help the elderly.
【案例二】
Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Ederly
On May 1st, Li Yue and Zhang Hua, two student volunteers from class III, senior II took an active part in a positive activity to take care of old people in Sunshine Nursing Home. Above all, they did their best to clear the nursing home in order to make it comfortable for old people to live in. Furthermore, various fruits were presented to them, which did good to their health. In addition, they talked with old people, sharing joys and happiness. As for those old people, they said that they were extremely happy due to the two warm-hearted volunteers. They appreciated them for bringing sunshine to them.
From my personal perspective, it is our youngster’s duty to care for old people in our spare
time. What I want to emphasize is the fact that more and more old people feel lonely at present. Therefore, it is high time that we took effective measures to make a contribution to those old people.
针对案例一做出的相关分析，整篇的书面表达当中使用的语法结构较为单一，况且应用的词汇知识也相对较少，同时文章中也出现了较多的语法与词汇的错误，在逻辑思维上也有一定程度的欠缺。再从案例二来看，整篇的书面表达当中应用了较多定语、同位语等相关的表达句式，让整篇书面表达在阅读的时候更为整洁，况且使用精炼的语句是书面表达内容变得更加丰富精彩。[1]根据出台的《普通高中英语课程标准》来看，课程标准中有明确地提到，高中生需要做到能参照题目意思写出相应的短篇文章，还需要在写作的过程当中把握好句式的应用。但是在目前提出的新课程改革标准当中，对学生的书面表达能力也有了一个新的标准。针对目前学生在书面表达中存在的问题，怎样能够做到写出更好的英语书面表达？
二、指导策略
（一）确切使用高级词汇，增添文章特色
在进行英语书面表达的时候，需要对自己的文章添加出几分靓丽的色彩。对于英语基础相对较好的学生，在作答的时候应当可以使用多样化的表达方法，去用出相对高级的英语词汇。
例如，当题目意思出现“学生志愿者活动”的时候，考生在脑海当中立刻就要能够联想到“students volunteers go to”。尽管这样的表达并没有太大的问题存在，但是若果大家都把这个句式作为固定思路去进行作答，那么大家的答卷都差不多，并不会具有自己文章的特色在这个时候可以尝试从其他地方进行突破尝试使用“volunteer”的其他表达方式进行表达。例如，“do some voluntary work”、“volunteer to do”和“work as volunteers”等，写出自己的特色，让自己的书面表达在阅卷场上焕然一新。[2]如果再能够使用到一些高级词汇，那么此篇书面表达的亮点立马就展现出来。例如，题意中出现“送水果”，脑海中就要能够想到“give/bring them some fruit”，作为考生应当意识到不要使用大量的简单词汇，可以适当让句子变得复杂一点，例如将它转变为“present them with various fruits” or “offer them an abundance of fruits”，这样就会展现出巨大的不同效果。
（二）尝试高级句子，增添文章深度
由于汉语在表达当中通常使用的都是主动语态来表达句子，因此，学生们在受到这种思想的影响下，书面表达当中缺乏了对被动语态的运用，甚至有的学生在作答书面表达的时候，整篇文章都直接使用主动语态进行写作。但是，在大多数的情况下，应用被动语态进行文章的写作是相对较为重要的，特别是在新闻报道的书面表达当中，被动语态更能彰显出文章描写的客观性。将文章的部分句子变为被动语句，就会让文章句式变得更加丰富精彩。例如这样的句式，“Li Yue and Zhuang Hua were warmly welcomed.”；“Various fruits were presented to the Elderly.”。还有把书面表达当中的句子转变为一个形容词，或者转变为一句形容词短语，They were happy and greeted the elderly. = Happy, they greeted the elderly.
还可以将从句转变为介词短语，As soon as they arrived, Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warmly welcomed. = Upon/on their arrival, Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warmly welcomed.甚至还可以转变为独立主格句式，After everything was done, they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people. = Everything done, they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people.
再有就是把简单的句子转变成为复合句式，增添出句子的复杂程度。It was a beautiful day. They would remember it forever. = It was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever. Various fruits were presented to them. Fruits did good to their health. = Various fruits were presented to them, which did good to their health. They did a lot for the elderly and enriched their own lives. = What they did has brought a lot to the elderly and enriched their own lives.
（三）理清写作的逻辑思维，增强文章连贯性
英语的表达当中，不管是直接表述，还是进行书面表达，都需要符合正常的逻辑思维，使文章表达意思一致连贯。伴随着当今课程教育的不断改革变化，书面表达的要求也越来越高，逻辑思维关系也在其当中突出了重要的关键所在。[3]
合理正确的利用好逻辑关系词，让表达的思想能够完整的链接组成，让文章内容变得更为完整紧凑，思维明确、条理清晰。关系词的准确使用，可以帮助读者在阅读的时候对文章思路更为清晰。常用的几种逻辑关系词有：递进关系furthermore、what’s more、 besides、in addition。转折关系b u t、h o w e v e r、y e t、 instead。因果关系since、as、because (of)、 so、thus。运用好等等诸如此类的逻辑关系词，让文章逻辑更加的连贯。
结束语
书面表达作为一种卷面交流方式，对于写作需要不断的去积累经验，让考试当中的文章彰显出自己的特色。背诵高分书面表达是帮助写作的一种有效之举。考生可以在自己的脑海中搭建出属于自己的词组句型库，在写作的时候将它转变成为自己的语言展现在考卷上。综上所述，要想得到高分的书面表达文章，就需要从基础出发，拥有属于自己的写作技巧，注重对逻辑关系词汇的应用，丰富多样的去完成自己的书面表达。
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