范文婧
武昌首义学院430064
摘 要： 该研究选取了英美新闻报道中用来表示幅度变化的英文表达，主要分为两大部分: 一、关于增加或上升； 二、关于减少或下降。此次研究有助于读者掌握一类单词系统的英文表达方式，对报道类文章的阅读和写作将大有裨益。
关键词： 幅度变化；增加或上升； 减少或下降；报道类文章
1.引言
英语新闻是人们获取信息的重要渠道之一。与科技文学英语不同，新闻英语兼具新闻行业的特性和英语语言的特点。新闻英语在句法、修辞、词汇方面也有英语语言的特性，这些特点无疑会对新闻英语的理解和翻译产生重大的影响。本文选取英美新闻（BBC、The Economist、VOA、CNN等）中关于“上升”“下降”的具体表达加以归类说明。
2. “上升”“下降”相关语料
2.1 “上升”相关表达
1.rise The Brazilian Health Ministry says the death toll from coronavirus has now risen above 80000, with over 20000 new confirmed cases. （BBC）
2. grow A Columbia University study projects the homeless population may grow by 40 to 45 percent this year. （VOA）
3. climb Cases continue to climb in metropolitan hubs like Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay area. （BBC）
4. swell The global airline-industry body expects carriers’ revenues to fall by half and debt to swell by $120bn to $550bn. (The Economist)
5. surge Hong Kong has just recorded its highest number of cases and the virus has been surging this week in Japan… (BBC）
6. upsurge The President acknowledged that some parts of the country were dealing with an upsurge in cases and the outbreak was far from over. （BBC）
7. spike The governor of California, Gavin Newsom, has re-introduced large parts of a lockdown after a spike in coronavirus cases. (BBC)
8. pile up Deaths for patients infected weeks ago will probably start to pile up. (The Economist)
9. gain Most of the gains came in April and May following the market rout in March amid the coronavirus crisis. (The Economist)
10. expansion The researchers leading the screening discovered an expansion of anti-viral genes. （BBC）
2.2 “下降”相关表达
1. decrease … the nation's prime minister says if the number of coronavirus infections continues to decrease…（CNN）
2. decline Mr. Trump said the mortality rate in the United States had continued to decline. （BBC）
3. drop That's its worst drop since the country was in the midst of the Great Recession in 2008. （CNN）
4. fall The U.S. Commerce Department said Wednesday that Gross Domestic Product fell by 4.8 percent in the first quarter of this year. （CNN）
5. reduce Fourth, doctors seem to have become better at treating severe cases of covid-19, reducing the death rate even for those who must be hospitalized. （VOA）
6. down An interesting side effect that the global coronavirus pandemic — robocalls are down. （CNN）
7. plummet These have plummeted as firms' cash flows have dwindled. （The Economist）
8. dwindle These have plummeted as firms' cash flows have dwindled. （The Economist）
9. shrink： The IMF forecasts that output in the region will shrink by 9.4% in 2020… (The Economist)
10. slash …but this year the insurers have slashed the amounts they are willing to cover by 50-90%. (The Economist)
3.语料分析
笔者收集语料表示“上升”和“下降”的词汇分别10个。 表“上升”的词有：rise，grow，climb，swell等; 词组“pile up”是一种形象生动的用法，翻译灵活转移为动词“新增”。表“激增”的词有：surge，upsurge，spike；“下降”大体上分为“下降”与“骤降”。表“下降”的词有：decrease，decline，drop，fall，reduce，down，dwindle，shrink等。表“骤降”的词有：plummet, slash等。翻译时,由于两种语言在语法构成和习惯表达上的差别, 在保证原文信息不变的情况下,译文必须改变词类。新闻中文译文中几乎都是动词词性，中英文形式上并不完全对等， “英语里许多名词、动词等含义灵活，翻译时要从其基本意义出发, 联系上下文灵活处理”。我们要从赏析的角度看待翻译。
4. 结论
本次研究借同一主题（疫情）的新闻总结了幅度词的用法。我们不难看出，表示幅度变化的英文表达方式有多种。这些句子显示了英语语言绝佳的表现力。本次研究也存在不足之处。譬如研究范围只是限于某一词类，而没有深入探讨总结词汇的具体用法与搭配。希望学者们在笔者的基础上继续探索，让新闻英语的阅读变得系统与科学。
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作者简介：范文婧，1995年出生，性别女，民族汉，籍贯湖北洪湖，硕士研究生学历，现武昌首义学院英语教师，单位邮编：430064 职称：助教 研究方向：翻译，教学研究