黄真
广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院乳腺外科 530021
1970年,Fisher教授提出:乳腺癌是一种全身性疾病,由此作为全身治疗重要组成部分的新辅助化疗日益受到重视,目前的研究发现,新辅助化疗可以缩小肿瘤、临床分期降期、提示肿瘤对化疗药物的敏感度、抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖,提示患者的预后。然而不是所有患者都能从新辅助化疗中获益,实现肿瘤缩小降期,所以新辅助化疗期间的疗效评估起着关键性作用。现将新辅助化疗期间不同影像学评估方法综述如下:
接受新辅助化疗的乳腺癌患者在整个治疗过程均需要监测病情变化,定期进行临床检查以评估肿瘤反应。根据实体肿瘤的疗效评价标准 1.1 版(Recist 1.1版)建议化疗后每 6~8 周进行一次疗效评估,一般每2个化疗周期结束后评估一次。目前乳腺癌疗效评估方法有乳腺超声、CT、MRI及PT-CT检查,各种检查都各有其优、缺点,因此,通过成像来评估肿瘤反应是具有挑战性的。
乳腺超声检查作为一种无创且经济的检查手段广泛应用于临床,Annina[1]等人回顾性研究了124名接受新辅助化疗的患者,其中术后检查达到pCR的50例病例中,术前B超符合cCR的为39例(78%),超声检查的敏感性为60.8%,特异性为78%。在不同分子亚型中,三阴乳腺癌的阴性预测值最高,达75%,且假阴性率为37.5%,而HER-2+/HR+型、 HER-2+/HR-型、 HER2-/HR+型的阴性预测值分别为55.6%、64. 3%、16.7%,假阴性率分别为:40%、71.4%、32.3%。由此可见超声检查不足以预测pCR。相较于二维超声,超声照影能显示肿瘤内血流情况,通过定性和定量评估血流变化,通过化疗前后超声照影检查的对比,比较肿瘤内血管变化及肿瘤退变情况来评估疗效。
而对于影像学评估为多灶性肿瘤、肿瘤非肿块型强化改变、肿瘤退缩成多结节退缩或混合型退缩模式的患者,仍是新辅助化疗的疗效评估的难点所在。而目前的影像学检查方法对于pCR的评估敏感性和特异性不同的研究差异较大。有待于新的技术手段的出现以提高乳腺癌新辅助化疗后的疗效评估的准确性。
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