简析核心素养背景下高中物理课堂教学模式

发表时间:2021/3/1   来源:《中国教师》2020年31期   作者:夏春秋
[导读] 在核心素养背景下开展高中物理课堂教学

         夏春秋         
         河南省永城市第一高级中学  476600
         摘要:在核心素养背景下开展高中物理课堂教学,对提高学生的综合素养和教学效果具有积极的促进性。因此本文以核心素养为背景,首先简单介绍在课堂教学融入核心素养的重要性,其次分析核心素养背景下课堂教学的现状,最后对高中物理课堂教学充分渗透核心素养的策略进行探讨,以期能够为学生核心素养的提高和课堂教学质量的提升提供保证。
         关键词:核心素养;高中物理;教学情境

         在快速发展的信息时代,对教育教学提出了更高的要求,尤其是对高中学生的培养,既要求学生能够理解和掌握学科知识,又要求学生具有较高的综合素养,使学生能够符合当代社会对复合型人才的要求。而在高中物理课堂教学中充分渗透核心素养,不仅有助于提高高中物理的教学效果,而且还能够使学生对物理知识具有深刻的理解和掌握,使学生的物理思维能力得到有效提高。
一、课堂教学融入核心素养的重要性         
         高中物理知识具有复杂的公式、较多的理论观点,导致学生在学习物理知识的时候存在一定的困难。在我国素质教育取得良好效果的背景下,更加重视学生核心素养的培养,因此教师在开展高中物理课堂教学时融入核心素养,既有助于增加课堂教学的趣味性[1],又能够激发学生积极参与到物理知识的学习中,使学生的核心素养得到有效提高,使学生的主体地位得到充分体现。
二、核心素养背景下课堂教学的现状
         现阶段在高中物理课堂教学中,大多数教师过于重视物理知识的讲授,但是却忽视了学生的动手操作能力及思维能力的培养,导致学生对物理知识无法得到真正的理解。而有些物理概念过于枯燥乏味,而单一的教学方式导致学生对物理知识的学习缺乏兴趣,使物理教学目标无法得到很好的完成。再加上部分教师还习惯性使用题海战术[2],学生虽然通过练习能够提高自身的解题能力,但是却无法使自身的创新思维能力得到有效培养,使学生的综合素养受到限制。
三、课堂教学充分渗透核心素养的策略
(一)结合教材内容创设教学情境
         目前大多数教师在教学物理知识时采用的是单纯的讲授知识点,而学生是为了应付考试而学习,枯燥乏味的课堂教学致使学生对物理知识的学习缺乏兴趣。因此,这就需要教师要结合教材内容,通过借助各种设备或材料创设相应的教学情境,使抽象、枯燥的物理知识具体化,让学生能够在良好的课堂氛围内学习理解与掌握物理知识。如在教学《万有引力定律》知识点时,教师在备课时提前搜索下载宇宙飞船飞行的视频,上课时运用多媒体设备播放已下载的视频,引导学生在观看视频时去发现宇宙飞船在飞行时所包含的万有引力定律的知识点,使学生对原本较为抽象的知识点有直观的感受。通过引导学生在课堂上自主探索相关的知识点,使学生养成良好的自主学习能力,从中加深对物理知识的理解。

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
(二)结合实际生活加强课堂提问
         物理知识与学生的实际生活息息相关,而对于高中学生来说对生活中新鲜的事物都容易引起他们的好奇心,因此教师在开展课堂教学时应结合实际生活,在讲解知识点的过程以提问为导向,以此来调动学生对物理知识学习的热情。如教师在教学《牛顿第一定律》知识点时,结合学生的实际生活开展提问:当一辆小车在道路上行驶,该道路限速60km/h[3],在行驶一段时间后小车前出现另一辆小车,正在行驶中的小车虽然采取了急刹车的措施,但是车轮仍然还是超前滑行了一段距离。经过交警测量后得知滑行的距离为18m,结合相关理论得知0.8是车辆与地面之间的摩擦因素,请通过物理知识计算这其中是否有超速行为存在?教师通过采用实际生活中常见的事例来引导学生理解与掌握相应的物理知识,由于课堂上提问的内容与学生的实际生活密切相关,有助于激发学生对物理知识产生探索研究的兴趣,使学生能够更加深刻的掌握运用物理知识。
(三)结合实验培养学生探究能力
         物理知识的学习离不开物理实验,但是在实际的课堂教学上大多数都是教师做演示,而学生却因参与实验的次数过少,对实验过程及实验效果无法有真实的体会,导致对物理实验内容和知识点知之甚少,或是无法深入理解和运用相关的物理知识解决问题。而教师若在课堂教学时能够引导学生进行物理实验,并将实验过程和实验结果进行相应的讨论与才想,使学生能够完全投入到物理知识的学习中。如在进行《匀变速直线运动》物理知识点实验时,教师可以组织学生进行分组实验与讨论,让学生完成实验数据的归纳总结。一方面学生通过以小组为单位对实验数据进行讨论,对实验数据进行大胆猜测;另一方面学生将自己在实验过程中的体会进行总结整合,为教学效果的提高提供必备的条件。学生通过参与实验过程与讨论,对速度、时间与位移的关系有更加深刻的理解,在参与过程中还有助于提升的学生实验探究素养,使学生的核心素养得到进一步的提升。
结语:
         综上所述,在核心素养背景下开展高中物理课堂教学,教师要明确核心素养的重要性,在实际教学中要充分结合教学目标与教学内容,引导学生在学习物理知识点时加强自身的探究能力。教师要紧密联系学生的实际生活,在教学过程中重视学生的学习主体地位,在问题导向下引导学生进行思考探索,使学生能够对物理知识点有更深刻的理解与掌握,在提高学生核心素养的同时促进物理教学效果的提高。

参考文献:
[1]梁从丽.核心素养背景下高中物理课堂教学模式[J].才智,2020(06):177-177.
[2]钱旭东.核心素养背景下高中物理情境化教学策略[J].文理导航(中旬),2020(11):51-52.
[3]刘勇.基于核心素养的高中物理课堂教学方式探微[J].考试周刊,2020(10):133-134.
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