周焕新
湖北省仙桃市毛嘴中学 433008
中考英语阅读理解填词主要考查考生的整体阅读能力、语言知识的运用能力、逻辑思维能力和书面表达能力，特别是单词拼写能力。这类题型一般是给出一篇难度略低于初三课文的短文，从中挖去10个单词，让考生在整体理解短文内容的基础上，根据上下文将所缺单词补全。考生要想做好这类题，需具备以下几方面的基础：
1.具有一定的词汇量
同学们必须熟练掌握初中教材的所有单词和短语。没有扎实的词汇基础，就不能读懂短文大意，读不懂大意，怎么能根据上下文来确定所缺的是个什么单词呢？即使能判断出某些空格缺的是什么单词，也难以写出正确的形式。
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2.掌握初中英语的基础语法
正确高效地解答好这类试题还需要扎实的语法基础知识。比如说通过句子成分的划分你可以判断出某空是该填什么词性的单词。因此，没有扎实的语法基础就不能很好地解答好此题.
3.具有一定的阅读能力
在解答这类试题之前必须要迅速读懂短文，了解大意。较强的阅读能力是正确解答好这类试题的重要保证。所以我们要学会略读的方法，通过跳过空格快速浏览全文，特别是首、尾段和每段的首、尾句，寻找文章的主题句。把握文章的主旨大意，是正确解答这类试题的一个重要环节。还要学会在阅读的过程中还要特别注意文意的启承转合，具备所谓的语篇语感基础。也还要学会在阅读过程中还要善于利用已读懂信息和已掌握的经验常识进行简单的逻辑推理。
下面主要阐述正确高效地解题所需具备的基础语法知识.
1 能够分析句子成分 知道哪些是主句 从句 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 补足语.
2 知道哪些词能够用作句子的主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 补足语.
3 名词要考虑单复数;动词要考虑时态 主谓一致 语态(主动还是被动) 非谓语动词;形容词与 副词要考虑是使用原级 比较级 还是最高级;代词要考虑主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性.
句子成分与单词词性
一、主语( subject):是句子的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词、代词、数词、词组、动词不定式、-ing形式、过去分词短语担任，一般放于句首。
The sun rises in the east.(名词)
He likes dancing.(代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词)
Seeing is believing.(动名词)
To see is to believe.(不定式)
What he needs is a book.(主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(it形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
二、谓语( predicate):是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面,说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.
He is asleep
.
三、表语( predicative)表示行为的对象，常由名词、代词、 数词 、形容词 、副词、 介词短语 、动词不定式、 ing形式、 过去分词和从句担任。放在连系动词之后,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher.(名词)
Seventy-four! You don’t look it.(代词
Five and five is ten.(数词)
He is asleep.(形容词)
His father is in.(副词)
The picture is on the wall.(介词短语)
My watch is gone/ missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)
To wear a flower is to say＂I’m poor，I can’t buy a ring.”(不定式)
The question is whether they will come.(表语从句)
常见的系动词有:be， sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，feel(蕖起来)， smell(闻起来) taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)，feel(感觉)
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
Now I feel tired.
宾语
宾语是及物动词后的一个成分，表示动作的对象 承受者或结果.可以用作宾语的有名词、 代词、 数词 、名词化的形容词、 动词不定式、 ing形式 、复合结构和从句.
1)动作的承受者一一动宾
I like China.(名词)
He hates you.(代词)
How many do you need? We need two.(数词)
We should help the old and the poor I enjoy working with you.(动名词)
I hope to see you again.(不定式)
Did you write down what he said?(宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词一一介宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3)双宾语间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
四、宾补:对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor.(名词)
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名词)
We will make them happy.(形容词)
We found nobody in.(介词)
Please make yourself at home.(介词短语)
Don’t let him do that.(省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(帯to不定式)
Don’ t keep the lights burning.(现在分词)
I have my bike repaired.(过去分词)
五、主补:对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room
.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
六、定语:可以用作定语的有名词或名词所有格、代词、数词、形容词、副词、词组、合成词、动不定式、ing形式、过去分词、介词短语和从句。名词、名词所有格和名词词组.
Tom is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
He is our friend.(代词）
We belong to the third world.(数词)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词）
The man over there is my old friend. （词组）
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. （介词短语）
The boys playing football are in Class 2.(现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now.(过去分词)
I have an idea to do it well.(动词不定式）
You should do everything that I do.(定语从句)
七、状语:状语是用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词、形容词、词组、介词短语、动词不定式、-ing形、过去分词、复合结构和从句。
I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather
.
He studies hard to learn English well
.
He didn't study hard so that he failed in the exam I like some of you very much
.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
He goes to school by bike
.
Though he is young, he can do it well
.
学以致用，请做下面的练习。
六 阅读理解填词(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处写出各单词的正确形式，单词的第一个字母己给出。
Bryan Slat has one huge goal It's a goal that could be good for people and a 76 all over the world .Amazingly , it looks like he s going to m 77 his goal.
When he was 16. Dutch engineering student Slat was on vacation in Greece,and he started to think about all the rubbish that is p 78 onto beaches by water The oceans around the world are all of plastic--millions of tons of plastic. Unfortunately plastic doesn’t just disappear. It takes c 79 to break down(分解).
The p 80 situation of the oceans is bad and worrying and Slat wanted to do something to change it. So he made it a personal goal to clean up the rubbish in the world’s oceans.
Slat started with an idea for an unusual m 81 to"catch the plastic floating(漂浮 )in the water using the natural energy of the ocean. He left school in 2013 to begin work on his project The Ocean Cleanup. Soon, the project r 82 a lot of attention.
A year later, he was leading a team of 100 scientists and engineers working on the invention. Slat needed money for this, so he started asking people to d 83 to his project online and raised over $2 million!
Soon after, Slat was named a "Champion of the Earth"by the United Nations for his meaningful and v 84 work. It's the most important title the UN gives to people helping the environment. The Ocean Cleanup also won several awards (奖项) for having one of the best inventions of 2015. But the d 85 goes on for Slat. He hopes that the oceans will be free of plastic in about twenty or thirty years.
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