机械专业课思政教学中学生学习心理现状及对策

发表时间:2021/4/19   来源:《教学与研究》2021年2期   作者:司正霞
[导读] 在“以全面素质为基础,以职业能力为本位,以提高技能水平为核心”的指导思想下
        司正霞
        江宁高等职业技术学校
        [摘要]在“以全面素质为基础,以职业能力为本位,以提高技能水平为核心”的指导思想下,机械专业课教学应当兼顾好理论知识讲解和实践操作锻炼两部分内容,通过科学的课程体系构建和优化的教育教学方法,帮助学生成长为社会有用之才。而实现这一目标的前提,就在于正确应对学生学习心理特点及变化,引导学生改善不良习惯、克服心理障碍,促进健康学习心理的形成。有鉴于此,本文即针对机械专业课教学中学生学习心理现状进行分析,并给出解决之策。
        [关键词]机械专业课 学生学习心理现状
        学生的学习态度很大程度上取决于心理特点及变化,良好的心理状态必然能取得理想的学习成效。考虑到机械专业拥有较强的理论性知识和众多硬性规定,而学生的心理活动丰富活跃,因此教师应当主动研究学生心理以便顺应规律,帮助其更好地学习专业知识、增强专业技能。
        一、机械专业课教学中学生学习心理现状分析
        首先,缺乏明确的学习目标及动机。很多机械专业的学生认识不到自身学科的重要性,没有将认真学习作为内在需求,因此经常性逃避教师安排的学习任务。在日常听讲过程中,这些学生情绪力强但意志力弱、求胜心强但自制力弱,呈现出“走马观花”的学习状态;其次,缺乏较强的学习兴趣。并非所有机械专业学生都是自主选择这门学科,他们一方面受制于以往学习中的失败经历,一方面抱着“过一天混一天”的心态,以至于在当前学习过程中承受较重的心理负担,进而萌生抵触和厌学的情绪,无法培养并形成持久的兴趣;再者,缺乏清晰的认知结构和健全的知识迁移能力。不少学生由于自身基础较差、知识漏斗较多,在学习机械专业知识时明显感到吃力,长此以往的不适应,使得他们本就不健全的知识体系更加松动,无法进入更深层次的学习。
        二、基于机械专业课教学中学生学习心理的应对之策
        (一)培养学习动机,增强内驱力
        明确的学习动机能够显著提高学习成效,弥补学生专业选择上的遗憾以及自身兴趣的缺失。对教师而言,需要从这两方面入手采取措施:第一,将学生的爱好移植到学习中。很多学生都喜欢网络游戏,这是因为它具备了及时反馈和鼓励、难度递增的分级制度、能够发挥玩家主观能动性这几个关键因素。从心理学角度来看,这些“吸引机制”完全符合学生的兴奋点,因此教师可以将其运用到机械专业课程教学中,以刺激学生产生强烈的学习兴趣。举例来说,每单元结束设有众多练习题,包括画三视图、剖视图、零件图、装配图、测绘以及金工实习等内容,教师可将其分为A、B、C三个难度以此递增的等级,并对不同等级内题目设置一定的分数,然后让学生以比赛“看谁最早晋级”的方式自主选择。像这样引导学生进行专业练习,可以逐渐培养他们的学习兴趣和专业思想,改善以往不良的学习心理状态。第二,通过正面教育来提升学生的使命感和责任感。作为教师教育工作最主要的形式,正面教育不仅必需而且有效,它能够实事求是地提高学生思想觉悟,促进学习积极性的养成。当前正值社会对机械专业人才急需的阶段,教师应当做好正面教育,引导学生努力学好专业知识并为振兴中华而不懈奋斗,长此以往就能够唤起学生稳定且持久的学习积极性。

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
        (二)创设良好的情感空间
        在整个教学活动中伴随情感活动有助于教师和学生之间的相互接纳、相互配合以及相互影响,那些积极的表达能够极大地增强学生课堂活跃度,因此教师应当重视并主动建立起与学生之间的融洽关系,让学生产生信任感和归属感。具体而言,首先要尽可能与学生多接触、多沟通。良好的师生关系不能仅凭借课堂上的互动,还需要教师参与进学生的课余时间,从家庭情况、个人喜好、想法意见等多个方面进行沟通交流,力求与学生“打成一片”;其次要在学生遇到困难时给予帮助。一般来说,学生在遭遇病痛或者各类挫折时其心理状态最为脆弱,此时教师应当及时给予力所能及的帮助,从而促进彼此之间的感情。久而久之,教师与学生之间将不再是“领导和下属”或“服务者和消费者”这样的扭曲关系,而是集合了亲密、关爱、尊重、信任等因素为一体的融洽关系,学生的心理状态也更加平稳健康、积极向上,学习效率自然有所提升。
        (三)吸引并训练学生的注意力
        很多机械专业学生在课堂上集中注意力的时间都不超过10分钟,这种“坐不住”的表象其背后原因在于学生们缺乏良好的自制力。针对这一问题,教师可以从这三个方面入手采取针对性训练:第一,积极运用各种教学手段吸引学生注意力。教师在课堂教学中可以大量运用计算机课件、模型、投影等辅助设备,并配合情绪到位的讲解方式,吸引学生的好奇心和注意力。在此基础上,教师可以让学生参与教学过程,即邀请学生做些演示类的辅助工作,以提高课堂活跃度。考虑到机械专业涉及众多材料、工具和零件,教师可以让每个学生都有机会动手操作这些实物,这种真实的感官接触远比只听教师讲解更加记忆深刻;第二,适时向学生提出要求或任务。让学生在整节课堂中保持高度注意力是不现实的,教师可以在各个教学环节开始前用提问的方式唤起学生的有意注意。例如:“同学们,接下来我要讲的东西与某某相关,大家仔细思考如何解决这类问题。”像这样的适时提醒能够有效帮助学生在重要时间段集中注意力,从而提高听课效果;第三,通过规定时间的练习来提升学生思维强度。学生在紧张情绪下集中注意力地完成练习,其效果远比在松松垮垮地自由状态下练习更好,这是因为“提前完成任务”本身就能为学生带来心理上的满足感和成就感。教师要善于规定课堂练习的时间,让学生在集中注意力的情况下完成相关练习,以提升注意力。这样的训练不但能够帮助学生更好地掌握专业知识和技能,更应培养了他们快速集中注意力并解决问题的能力,而使其在将来的工作中受益匪浅。
        [总结]
        研究人的心理就是研究其认知、情感、意志、态度等一系列总和,运用在教育教学领域则能够帮助教师更好地了解学生,进而有针对性地引导学生改善不良习气,以积极、健康、主动的心态去学习。针对机械专业课教学中学生学习心理现状,教师应当从根源上把握学生的心理变化、顺应学生的心理规律,确保学生更好地学习专业知识并牢固掌握专业技能,并形成可以作用于一生的良好学习习惯。
        [参考文献]
        [1]研究学生心理活动 促进机械专业课教学[J].翟大刚. 职业.2014(30)
        [2]浅谈中职机械加工专业实训教学中的现状和对策[J].马婷. 科技风.2019(28)
        [3]中职机械专业学生学习心理与训练策略初探[J].嵇士友. 中国校外教育.2011(01)
        
       
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