吴侨
成都外国语学校 611731
摘要:高中英语阅读是英语教学的重中之重。听、说、读、写综合技能得以提高的前提是达到一定水平的阅读量及阅读能力。《新课标》规定, 高中学生的阅读量应在20 -30 万词,应学会识别不同文体、分析句子长短句结构、获取信息、理解不同观点、阅读浅显的英语文学作品、英语报刊杂志以及英文原著。本文主要以英国原版教材《展望未来》上文学原著阅读课为例,从教学中遇到的难点出发,展示并探讨高中英语文学原著阅读课教学技巧。
关键词:高中英语阅读课;文学原著;阅读技巧;教学方法;核心素养;
1、问题的提出
《新课标2017》把英语课程学习提到磨砺意志、陶冶情操、拓展视野、丰富生活经历,开发思维能力,发展人文素养的高度,对高中毕业生阅读能力的要求是:①能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度;②能识别不同文体的特征;③能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句;④能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的文学作品。目前的高中英语文学作品阅读课教学在很大程度上还是局限于语言知识层面的教学,忽视了对学生阅读技能的训练和文学素养的培养。经典文学作品语言地道真实,不仅成为学生熟悉与理解西方文化的载体,更包含着深刻的人生哲理;写作手法新颖地道,让学生在诵读经典的同时认真研讨临摹,日久涵泳于纯正的英语中。
2、教学目标的引领
1.语言能力:能够读懂文学作品内容,有一定的英语语感;在阅读的同时有意识地培养听、说、写等其他方面能力的共同发展;了解复杂句式和核心词汇;学习相关语法和文学修辞手法;能模仿文学作品进行写作。
2.文化意识:熟悉作品写作背景;了解作者生平及写作手法;理解文化内涵,坚定文化自信,比较文化异同,汲取文化精华,培养跨文化意识。
3.思维品质:能辨析语言和文化中的具体现象,梳理概括信息,构建新概念,分析推断信息的逻辑关系,培养批判性思维能力。
4.学习能力:独立阅读和写作能力;合作学习能力;阅读动机与兴趣的培养;有明确的学习目标,多渠道获取学习资源,有效规划时间和分配学习任务。
3、文学原著阅读课教学难点
首先,文学作品一般篇幅较长,要在一两节课内完成对一整本作品的阅读学习基本不太可能,因此需要做到课前课后的延伸。其次,教材里一般选取经典节选作为阅读材料,要求对材料本身进行精读学习,并通过选段了解整本作品内容、作者生平、写作背景及写作方法等。由于学生对相关知识常识储备相对缺乏,加之文学作品生词词汇量大,句式结构复杂,语言生涩难懂,往往抹杀了学生的阅读兴趣,影响阅读进程,限制了对作品内容的理解。
4、文学原著阅读课教学实例研究
4.1读前——文化意识培养,学习动机激发,多渠道获取资源能力培养
(1)课前分小组查阅资料并在课堂中分享(写作背景及作者生平):
Today we are going to read a literary extract from ‘Neither Here Nor there’ written by Bill Bryson, an American Travel writer. He is standing on the hill on the island of Capri, off the coast of South Italy.
Bill Bryson's first travel book, The Lost Continent, was unanimously acclaimed as one of the funniest books in years. In Neither here Nor there he brings his unique brand of humor to bear on Europe as he shoulders his backpack, keeps a tight hold on his wallet, and journeys from Hammerfest, the northernmost town on the continent, to Istanbul on the cusp of Asia. Fluent in at least one language, he retraces his travels as a student twenty years before.
(2)读前感知与预设(发挥想象力感受场景并用自己已知的语言对场景进行初级描绘):
Look at the picture and guess what season it is and what time of the day it is. Then,have a close look at the picture. What can you see in the picture? Think of some adj. to describe what you can see in the picture and describe the picture by using some expressions of locations and uncertainty. Close your eyes again and imagine what else you are experiencing. How do you feel? Except for what you can see, what can you hear, smell and taste?
4.2读中——语言能力培养,独立学习、合作学习能力培养,逻辑思维品质培养
(1)速读,对比自己的初级描绘,感受原著描绘用语之不同,并获取文章大意及段落大意: According to the six elements of a narrative,what kind of information does each paragraph include?
Paragraph 1: when and where was the author standing.
Paragraph 2: what can the author see, hear, feel and smell.
Now let’s read the whole article again and find out the main idea of it.
--It’s mainly about the beautiful scenery of a place.
(2)细读,学习原著语言并回答细节内容问题: Skim through the extract and deal with detailed questions. (ex4)
You have described what you could feel, see, hear and smell. Now let’s work in pairs and find words and phrases that help the writer to create a picture of what he can see, hear, smell and feel.
see: on the path rounded a bend…
hear: the sound of breaking waves reached me as the faintest whispers
smell: There was the scent of lemon, honeysuckle and pine.
feel: I had the feeling that no one had been there for years. A warm breeze pulled gently at my hair. It was like being in the household products section of Sainsbury’s.
(3)精度,学习生词,感受原著精美用词:
1)Words used to describe a beautiful scenery:
2)Various sentence patterns:
(4)略读,回顾学习写作技巧及修辞手法
1)Figures of speech:
2)Different punctuations
3)A sense of humor: culture differences
4.3读后——语言能力、写作能力、跨文化意识培养
学生写作练笔(部分学生作品展示与分享),感受学前学后描写之差异。
(1)作品翻译
日已将晚,薄暮西山;曲径通幽,穿林而过。行百余步,戛然而终。其景之胜,叹为观止,妄顾呼噏。危崖悬石,苍穹遗园。观景之坁,可纳众生。静谧失声,经年罔至,曾无游人。
若是伟观,无物及半。村居其右,房舍倾洒,如水似瀑,铺陈山阴。灯火其左,明灭可见,落于海隅,合于户墉。断崖坠海,浊浪击石。高之百尺,深之青碧。轰鸣水声,细如蚊蚋。苍青天幔,皎月一线。暖风袭袭,乌丝依依。甘饴弥空,馨香四溢。柠檬翠松,忍冬流芳。置于市集,身于果蔬。其物无多,惟有海阔。寂然旖旎,远至西城。
(2)作品仿写——海上日出(学生作品展示)
Student1: Victoria
The whole world was light up. I had never seen anything half as magnificent. The sky was like an oil painting, with a warm orange color on it. Sunlight was spilt on the Ice Mountains, which looked like gold mountains. The lively sun just exposed half of its head. A cool breeze pulled slowly in my face. Everything was coming to life.
4.4课后延伸-逻辑思维能力、批判性思维品质培养,独立、合作学习能力培养
(1)批判性思维训练:(小组讨论)Discuss the following questions in groups.
Which parts of the description do you find most vivid? Why?
Which parts do you feel difficult to deal with? Why? How did you overcome them?
Among all the tasks in the reading, which of them do you think you could do better? How do you plan to improve them?
(2)文学作品续读: (在每月一次的读书会分享) Check more information online about the author and go on reading the novel. Write reading blogs as arranged.
5、反思与实践总结
实施研究课以来,我和学生从教学方法到学习方法上都有了新的突破。所有学生有了第一次的文学原著阅读体验,从未知畏惧到欣赏喜欢再到实践创作,从此开启了他们文学原著阅读的大门。很多学生爱上了文学作品,坚持长期阅读,养成了好的阅读习惯。高尔基说,文学就是人学。文学作品作为一种丰富的语言来源,有助于学习动机的激发和欣赏能力的培养。文学作品阅读不仅让学生学到了优美的词汇、句式、修辞手法,而且提高了阅读技巧与写作能力。通过合作学习与讨论,融合了课内课外学习,多渠道获取了资源,也了解了更多的名家名作,了解人的本质,探讨人生,培养文学素养,培养批判性思维能力,完成了多种教学目标,多方位地促进了学生的个人成长。当然,我们将继续研究学习、讨论总结,研究无止境,学习无止境!
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