应琴美
浙江省宁波市海曙区古林镇中学
[摘要] 英语阅读和写作是英语综合语言运用能力的重要组成部分。阅读和写作相辅相成,相互促进。本文针对初中英语教学忽略阅读和写作的关系,采用以读促写教学的模式,对如何上好初中英语读写课,提出个人的一点看法。旨在通过论证以读促写教学模式的有效性,提高初中学生的英语阅读和写作能力。
关键词:初中英语,阅读教学,写作教学,以读促写
一.教学现状
自2015年《宁波市2015年初中毕业学生考试说明》颁布以来,宁波市英语中考命题进行了改革,书面表达分值从15分升至20分,这表明初中英语写作的重要程度提升了,对初中学生英语写作能力的要求也提高了,因此写作教学的重要性更加突出。[2]
然而,当前初中英语教学中,阅读教学和写作教学几乎是分开,写作教学在初中英语教学中最薄弱,缺乏一套有效的教学方法,大多数英语教师不知道如何将阅读和写作课相结合。写作教学多以布置写作任务为教学模式,简单乏味,既消耗学生写作热情又不能有效提高学生的写作水平。
针对这些问题,笔者在初中英语教学中开展了“以读促写”教学模式的探究与运用。
二.理论基础
以读促写教学法(reading-to-write approach)是一种读写结合的方法,它要求学生在阅读的基础上进行作文写作。这种写作需要学生在写前阅读各种与写作任务相关的话题和主题的文章。[3]
一些教学实验结果表明:读写结合对写作能力的提高有着显著的促进作用。写作者通过阅读进一步学习写作,读者通过写作进一步解构阅读,阅读和写作是并行的过程。[4]
以读促写法是一种有效的、好操作的写作教学模式,在英语教学中,教师应该将阅读教学和写作教学结合起来,运用以读促写教学模式,激发学生写作兴趣,调动学生将阅读输入的内容转化为写作语言,自然输出,最后对写作文章进行评价,以促使学生更好的提高写作能力和水平。
三.教学课例分析
(一)教学内容分析
本次选用八年级第八单元How do you like the neighborhood? 的读写课作为课例,阅读材料主要讲述了不同国家城市的相同和不同特征,并对澳大利亚,墨西哥以及日本的城市的优缺点进行了具体讲述。
(二)学情分析
八年级学生具备了一定的英语语言基础,也会运用一部分的阅读技巧来理解阅读文章。同时,具有一定的写作模仿能力,并根据要点对作文进行评价。他们熟悉“社区”这一话题,能够在写作中有话可说。但是,他们还不能很好的运用所学的阅读技能,对于较难的句子还无法理解其意,在写作时也会遇到有话想说,却难以用英语文字表达出来。
(三) 教学目标
At the end of the class, students will be able to:
①Master some new words, such as rural, apartment, scene…
②Have a general understanding of the passage.
③Use different reading strategies, predicting, skimming, and scanning to better understand the passage.
④Write a passage to introduce the neighborhood.
(四)教学过程:
Step 1: Travel in Ningbo(话题导入)
1. What’s your name? Where are you from? What do you like to do in your free time?
T:“I like to travel around the world. Today, I’d like to take you to travel around the world.”
2. Introduce Ningbo by asking and answering:
- How many restaurants are there in Ningbo?
- There are many/ a lot/ a few.
There aren’t any.
There are none.
- How much food is there in Ningbo?
- There is much/ a lot/a little.
There isn’t any. There is none.
Step2: Predicting(预测)
Ask students to find out the title, the highlighted words and require them to read the picture.
Tip 1: Before reading, we can read the title, the highlighted words and look at the picture carefully to predict what we’ll read next.
Get students to conclude that the passage is about ___city scenes in _Mexico, Japan, Australia_.
Step3:Skimming (略读)
Get students to read the passage quickly and find out the main idea in each paragraph.
Tip 2: We can get the main idea from the first or the last sentence in each paragraph.
The main idea of Para1 is : Cities share many characteristics, but are also different from country to country
Step4: Careful reading (细读)
Para2(Mexico). Read carefully and do T or F
1.Mexico's cities are modern but have traditional Indian and Spanish influences.
2.Outdoor marketplaces serve as places to meet friends.
Para3(Japan). Read carefully and find out the answers to the questions.
1.What characteristics do Japan's cities have?
2.Why do many Japanese people often commute from suburbs?
Para4(Australia). Read carefully and fill in the chart below.
1. Most people live in houses in _______,not in __________.
2. The suburbs usually have their own _______,
______, and __________. they also have recreational facilities.
Step5: Discussion (话题讨论)
East or west, home is best. The best place is Ningbo.
1.Do you live in a house or an apartment(公寓)?
2. Where is it?
3. How many rooms are there?
4. How much noise is there?
5. How many clubs/ theaters/gyms are there in your neighborhood?
6. Is there any public transportation near your home?
7. How do you like it there?
Step6: Writing (写作展示)
Show the model writing and the check list.
T:According to the check list above, write a passage about your neighborhood.
Students are given 7-8 minutes for writing.
Step7: Assessment(师生评价,生生互评)
The teacher chooses one passage and checks it in class according to the checklist. Students are required to check partner’s writing and give marks according to the checklist too.
写作同伴评价表
四.教学反思
该教学课例基于以读促写教学模式,充分考虑阅读和写作的密切关系,合理利用教材,通过介绍宁波旅游自然导入到话题,既激发学生兴趣又调动他们已学知识体系,为话题写作奠定基础。阅读输入由易到难,由浅入深,从看标题和图片预测文章内容,到略读详读,然后话题讨论,最后写作,以读促写,循序渐进。写作前的话题讨论,由小组合作,共同开展,好生带动学困生,全员参与。在口语讨论之后,学生根据写作评价表,进行自主写作。最后,教师选择一篇范文,对照评价表进行修改,给分,以此为例,生生互评,将写作推进另一高度。
但值得注意的是,写作过程应该遵循由易到难、循序渐进的原则。阅读范本除了提供知识信息外,还应该向学生提供正确的语言范本,供学生学习,借鉴和模仿,最终促使学生提高写作水平,从而提高英语综合语言运用能力。
结束语
英语阅读和写作是英语综合语言运用能力的重要组成部分,阅读和写作是相辅相成,互相促进的。在英语阅读教学中,英语教师应当将阅读和写作两者相结合进行教学设计,以读促写,以写促读,两者共同进步。以读促写教学模式不仅能激发学生写作热情,也能提高写作效率,同时,通过写作,也能促进学生英语阅读能力的提升。
参考文献
[1]教育部. 2011. 义务教育英语课程标准 [M]. 北京师范大学出版社
[2]宁波市教育局教研室.2015.宁波市2015年初中毕业生学业考试说明.
[3]刘烨.2007.以读促写在高中英语写作教学中的英语研究[J].基础教育外语教学研究,(5):43-47
[4]黄玉华.2009.“写长法”在高中英语教学中的运用[J].考试周刊,(27):102-103.