有关新形势下如何加强森林防火工作及应对措施

发表时间:2021/6/4   来源:《科学与技术》2021年第29卷第5期   作者:宋建萍
[导读] 我国的自然资源比较丰富,特别是在森林资源上。
        宋建萍
        武定县田心乡林业和草原服务中心  651609

        摘 要:我国的自然资源比较丰富,特别是在森林资源上。而最近几年,森林火灾频有发生,不仅让大量的森林资源被破坏,同时也阻碍了当地的经济发展,让人们处于一种不安全的生活环境中。对此,各个乡镇的林草站应重视起森林防火管理工作的开展,使得森林资源获得有效保护。但是,从各个乡镇林草中心林业防火管理以及森林资源保护工作的实际开展情况来看,仍然留有一定的进步空间,这也需要乡镇林草中心寻找到有效的林业资源保护措施,以此为后续的工作带来便利。
        关键词:新形势;森林防火工作;应对措施

        森林防火工作属于我国林业建设工作的重点内容,决定着林业工程建设的整体效果,直接决定着生态环境的发展。对此,若想更好的完成森林防火工作乡镇林草中心工作人员就应具备较强的森林资源保护意识,并构建出较为完善的林业防火体系,了解林业防火工作中的各项要点,最终让林业资源的安全性获得保障,实现我国生态林业的可持续性发展,让生态资源变得更加平衡,为植物生长以及生物存活提供一个良好的环境,最终防止各类火灾的发生,推动我国林业工程的发展。
一、加强森林防火工作的重要性
        对于森林资源而言,火灾的发生属于最为严重的问题,直接威胁到森林中树木以及动植物资源的正常生长。一旦森林资源出现了火灾,那么会导致大量的树木遭受损伤,也会导致一些珍稀的动物遭受破坏。由此可见,森林火灾的发生,不仅会让林业资源保护遭受到影响,同时也会对生态环境造成不良的影响,最终让多年来的辛勤劳作付之一旦。并且,森林覆盖面的大幅度降低,这也导致水土流失现象的发生,耗费大量的人力、物力与财力。总之,森林火灾会让大家遭受巨大的损失,无论是国家利益,还是个人利益,都会遭受严重的威胁,一定要强化森林防火工作的展开,不管是相关部门,还是当地居民,都应具备着较强的森林防火意识,以此保障森林资源,让我国生态环境始终处于稳定的状态中[1]。
二、森林火灾形成的原因
绝大多数的森林火灾,都是指失去了控制,火势在森林之中快速蔓延,最终对森林周围的居民以及生态系统造成了严重的危害。森林火灾在破坏性上十分强,火势一旦蔓延开来,那么便很难获得有效控制,不但会将树木烧毁,同时会将降低森林的规模,让其生态平衡不稳定。
通常情况下,森林火灾发生的原因为两种,一种为自然火灾,另一种为人为火灾。所谓自然火灾,其主要是由于自然天气所造成的,如干燥的天气或者是雷电天气,会导致树木自燃。自然火灾发生的概率比较小,目前我国森林火灾的形成绝大多数都是因为人为原因[2]。人为火灾指生产性用火和非生产性用火引起的火灾。近年来的火灾起因有七成是因清明节上坟,烧蜂,烧地,放牛等人为活动引起的。除了上述原因,火灾没有第一时间得到控制,也是致使森林火灾蔓延且无法扑灭的原因。一些护林单位,未能引进先进的扑火设备与防火设备,在控火能力上比较薄弱,不仅无法起到有效预防森林火灾形成的效果,当火灾来临上也会力不从心、无从下手。
三、新形势下加强森林防火工作的有效措施
(一)构建森林防火责任及机制
   乡镇林草中心应当与辖区内户长签订森林防火责任书,从而将森林防火的责任落实到每一人身上,让全体村民形成一定的防火意识。同时,与乡镇林草中心工作人员在平日里,也需要对其防火工作的展开进行监督与管理,在森林防火的关键阶段始终坚持在岗位上,进行轮换制的值班、带班,进而第一时间掌握森林防火的最新动态。此外,有关工作人员需要做好日常防火记录,对于重点防火地段需要设置相应的责任人。需要注意一点,乡镇中的痴傻人员应当获得有效监管,由其家属承担起监管的责任,不要让其纵火,随意丢弃火种,让火源远离森林[3]。
        乡镇林草中心应当积极构建管理制度,进而端正工作人员的行为以及态度,从根本上提高森林管护与森林防火的效率。比如,由乡政府与林草中心执行24小时值班制,并做成值班表进行公开粘贴,不论周末还是节假日,都有值班领导带领工作人员全天24小时全天候值班。同时,林业部门应当设置相应的森林防火管理制度,增强林业管理人员的环境保护意识、热爱大自然意识以及思想觉悟,让其了解森林管理的具体措施以及含义。另外,可以让专业素养较高的人员深入基层,为基层人民宣传植树造林与环境保护的意义,进而使当地居民的环境保护意识得到提升。
(二)积极开展天然森林保护工程
        乡镇林草中心应当积极落实天然森林保护工程,将目前存有的天然森林当做保护的主要内容,尽可能的使天然林不遭受到损害。同时,乡镇林草中心需要强化天然森林保护力度,并将新技术、新手段应用其中,从而展现出林业部门的职能作用,为林业工程建设打下良好基础[4]。
(三)多方防护避免森林火灾的发生
        森林作为十分容易发生火灾的区域,一旦发生森林火灾,所造成的后果不敢想象。因此,乡镇工作人员应做到多方面的防护工作,以免森林火灾的发生。在预防森林火灾方面,可以采取以下几点措施:1.采取“谁的责任区出事谁负责”的责任机制,强化实施“奖优罚差”的激励奖励机制。2.需积极选择森林火灾所造成的不良后果,并向周围群众讲解防范森林火灾的注意事项,使当地的老人以及小孩懂得森林火灾的严重后果,不要触碰到法律的底线,人人都参加到森林防火工作中,成为保护森林的一份子。同时,林业部分应建立一支优秀的森林防火队伍,并积极开展演练以及理论培训,若发生森林火灾,能够使森林防火人员及时赶到现场进行扑救。对于较大的火情,则需要通知消防队伍,动用更多的力量[5]。
结束语:
综上所述,现代森林防火工作作为林业建设中的重要组成部分,不但能够保护生态环境,还能使林业的综合效益得到提升。乡镇林草中心将现代林业防火与森林管护措施有机结合,并根据树木的实际情况,及时调整相应技术,从而促进林业工作的发展,使其变得更加合理化以及科学化。

同时,林业工作人员还应提高自身技能,满足时代发展的需求,根据森林                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   防火工作的发展,学习最新的措施与理念,从而增强树木的存活率,使得生态环境得到改善,推动现代建设工作的发展。

参考文献:
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[2]李宏.森林草原防火工作的重要地位和作用[J].农家科技(上旬刊),2020,(8):164.
[3]郭明忠.分析基层林业工作站在森林防火中的重要作用[J].花卉,2020,(10):237-238.
[4]董春雨.营林措施在森林防火工作中的应用[J].湖北农机化,2020,(22):49-50.
[5]王艳军.有关新形势下如何加强森林防火工作及应对措施[J].农村实用技术,2020,(1):128-129.
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