湖北武汉高中 袁肖霞
“放眼世界”已然成为我们当今时代的主题。随着科技与文化的高速发展,英语学习形式变得需要多种多样,更具时效性,更加方便人们获取所需。外刊精读紧扣英语学科的核心素养 “语言能力、思维品质、文化品格和学习能力”四个层面,已逐渐发展为学习英语的首选工具，而且英语考试中，譬如高考、英语四六级、考研等考试，所占的比重很高阅读语篇大部分源自外报、外刊。
接下来，我从VOA（源自慢速英语的“时事新闻”http://m.kekenet.com/broadcast/201812/
575270.shtml）中选取一篇外刊与高考英语学习相结合，来探讨一下外刊在我们教学中如何“物尽其用。
一．利用外刊来提升阅读理解能力
参考高考阅读理解命题要求，我把原文改编为一篇“四选一”的阅读理解题目，以利于学生带着问题去阅读更利于提升学生的阅读理解能力。如下：
【语编导读】全球在呼吁国家保护海洋生物，而日本宣布2019年重启商业捕鲸活动，日本真的能重启吗？
Japan says it plans to restart commercial hunts for whales in July of 2019.Japan's Chief Cabinet Secretary, Yoshihide Suga, made the announcement on Wednesday. He also said that his country would withdraw from the International Whaling Commission (IWC国际捕鲸委员会). The international agency, based in Britain, was set up to provide for the protection of whales and the orderly development of the whaling industry.
Suga said that Japan would restart commercial whaling in keeping with Japan's basic policy of promoting sustainable use of sea life based on scientific evidence.
The chief cabinet secretary(内阁官房长官) announced that Japanese whale hunts would be limited to the country's territorial waters and particular economic zone. That area extends 323 kilometers from the coast of the island nation.
Japan's Fisheries Agency said it planned to permit the catch of three kinds of whales: minke(小须鲸) , sei whales and Bryde's whales. It said that numbers of species have recovered enough to permit whaling.
The IWC ordered the ban on commercial whaling over 30 years ago. The move sought to increase the animals' numbers in the world's oceans.
Japan continued whaling for scientific research under the IWC rules. Environmentalists criticized the hunts, saying they were commercial because whale meat was sold in Japan.
The environmental group Greenpeace questioned Japan's position that whale numbers had recovered. Sam Annesley, head of Greenpeace Japan, said the Japanese announcement was, in his words, "out of step with the international community." He called on the country to preserve sea life.
In 2014, Japan cut back on whale hunting after the International Court of Justice ruled against its Antarctic whale hunting program. Japan currently hunts about 600 whales each year in the Antarctic Ocean.（287）
阅读以上短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
1.What do we know about according to paragraph 1?
A.Japan would quit the IWC.
B.Japan would quit commercial whaling.
C.The IWC was set up to forbid commercial whaling.
D.The IWC was set up to provide for the protection of whales in Japan.
2.Which of the following statements is true?
A.Japan restarts commercial whale hunts in all areas.
B.Japan restarts commercial whale hunts in limited areas.
C.Japan began its first commercial Whale hunts in more than 30 years.
D.The reason for commercial whaling is a growing market for whale meat in Japan.
3.What’s the IWC and environmentalists’ attitude towards Japan’s restarting commercial whaling?
A.approval B.neutral C.indifferent D. disapproval
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.Japan to start commercial whale hunts
B.Japan to restart whale meat markets in 2019
C.Japan to restart commercial whale hunts in 2019
D.Japan to start the controversial whale meat markets.
【答案解析】
1.选A 细节理解题。通过第一段的“He also said that his country would withdraw from the International Whaling Commission (IWC).(他还表示，日本将退出国际捕鲸委员会)”，可知选A。通过“Japan would quit the IWC（日本将退出国际捕鲸委员会）”可排除B。通过“The international agency, based in Britain, was set up to provide for the protection of whales and the orderly development of the whaling industry.（这一设立在英国的国际机构是为了保护鲸鱼和推进捕鲸业有序发展）”可知C选项“The IWC was set up to forbid commercial whaling.（国际捕鲸委员会的建立是为了禁止商业捕鲸）”，以及D项“The IWC was set up to provide for the protection of whales in Japan（国际捕鲸委员会的建立是为保护日本的鲸鱼）”两项是错误的。
2.选B 细节理解题。通过第三段的“The chief cabinet secretary announced that Japanese whale hunts would be limited to the country's territorial waters and particular economic zone. (日本内阁官房长官宣布，捕鲸活动将仅限于日本领海和专属经济区)”可知日本是在限定的区域里捕鲸，并非所有的区域，故选B排除A。通过第五段原文“The IWC ordered the ban on commercial whaling over 30 years ago（国际捕鲸委员会30多年前下令禁止商业捕鲸） ”可知C选项属于“张冠李戴“；”D选项属于“无中生有”,故均排除。
3.选D 逻辑推理题。 通过第五段的“The IWC ordered the ban on commercial whaling over 30 years ago（国际捕鲸委员会30多年前下令禁止商业捕鲸）”。第六段的“Environmentalists criticized the hunts（环保人士指责这些捕杀行动）”；第七段的“Sam Annesley, head of Greenpeace Japan, said the Japanese announcement was, in his words,‘out of step with the international community.’He called on the country to preserve sea life（该组织的日本分部负责人山姆·安内斯利表示，日本的声明“与国际社会背道而驰”。他呼吁国家保护海洋生物）”。可知国际捕鲸委员会和环保人士均不赞成日本商业捕鲸，故选 D. disapproval(不赞成的), 而A.approval（赞成的）、 B.neutral（中立的）、 C.indifferent（漠不关心的）均不符合题意。
4.选C 主旨大意题。全文紧扣开头句“Japan says it plans to restart commercial hunts for whales in July of 2019.”来展开话题的，故选C。
二．利用外刊来扩充词汇
外刊的表达地道、严谨，信息量大，逻辑性强；除了可以提升学生的阅读理解能力，还可扩充词汇量。学生通过大量的外刊阅读，结合语境和复现词汇能帮助学生较好的掌握其词汇的意思和用法，丰富了学生的词库和语料库，有效的避免了乏味地死记硬背词汇。以上文为例，我们可挖出以下重点词汇作进一步学习：参考短语意思，翻译下列句子：
1.hunt for 搜寻；寻找
The kids were hunting for shells on the beach.
2.cut back 削减；减少
Since the children were born, this family had to really cut back their spending.
3.rule against 否决
The high court ruled against it, and said he was legal.
4.in keeping with 符合；与...一致；按照
His poor behaviour was not in keeping with the formal occasion.
【参考答案】：1.孩子们在海滩上寻找贝壳。
2.随着孩子出生，这个家庭不得削减他们的开销。
3.高级法院否决了这一法案，并且称他的行为合法。
4.他粗劣的举止与这庄重的场合不协调。
三、从外刊中提取好词好句服务于写作。
对于英文写作来说，掌握一定数量的句型和模板是非常有益的，但并不意味着我们需要去使用现成的各种“高分句型"和“写作模板”。很多学生“生搬硬套”使用这些“句型”或“模板”不仅不能加分，还存在被扣分的危险。因为这些句型和模板很多都被用滥，批阅作文的老师对此早已免疫。过度依赖于各种“高分句型"和“写作模板”不但限制了学生自己的语言能力塑造和提升，而且有可能造成英语学习进度的“南辕北辙”。由此可见，提升英语写作更好的方法是自己在阅读积累好词佳句，构建属于自己的语料库。外刊就是一种非常合适的材料，因为原汁原味的外刊有不少文章属于记叙文、议论文、说明文，这与我们要掌握的英语写作的要求是一致的。以上文为蓝本，我们可结合上文语境猜下列短语的意思：
1)call on__________
2)be limited to__________
3)out of step with__________
4)commercial whaling__________
5)the protection of whales__________
6)the orderly development of__________
7)sustainable use of sea life__________
【参考答案】1）.呼吁；号召 2）.限于 3）.与......背道而驰 4）.商业捕鲸（活动） 5）.保护鲸鱼 6）.有序发展 7）.可持续利用海洋生物
同样，以上文作为“保护海洋野生动物”话题写作的热身阅读，先打开、充实学生的“话匣子”，再来话题写作，更利于学生的写作的开展和提升。以上文为例，讲的是日本“重操旧业”，进行商业捕鲸活动，引起国际捕鲸委员会以及环保人士的不满，我们“学以致用”该外刊阅读文本特色，设置对应的（话题）写作：投诉信
1、投诉信一般分为三个部分：
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2.百说不如“实战演练”
假如你是李华，请你根据以下提示向国际野生动物组织写一封投诉信，反映非法捕鲸的现象，内容包括：
1）海洋非法捕猎严重，鲸鱼数目锐减
2）保护海洋动物的重要性
3）针对反映情况采取措施，防止再次发生
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 写作“五步曲”
第一步：审题
1）确定体裁：本文为投诉信；
2）确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第一、二人称；
3）确定时态：主要使用一般现在时。
第二步：构思
第一部分，点明意图——海洋非法捕猎严重，鲸鱼数目锐减。
第二部分，表述原因——保护海洋的重要性。
第三部分，具体要求——认真对待，防止再次发生。
第三步：列要点词块（核心词汇想周全）
1）抱怨 complain（about/that)
2）非法捕猎the illegal hunt
3）生物creature
4）见证；目睹witness
5）目标；靶子target
6）意识到 be/become aware of / raise awareness of
7）考虑 consider
8）采取措施take measures / take action
9）阻止现状恶化 prevent it from bad to worse.
10）保护海洋生物the protection of sea life
11）可持续利用海洋生物sustainable use of sea life
第四步：连词成句
1）非法捕鲸越来越严重。
2）五年来目睹了（witness）它们的数目在急剧减少（sharply decrease）。
3）迄今为止，在全世界鲸鱼成为非法捕猎的对象.
4）破坏大自然的生态平衡，遭罪的将是我们人类。
5）如果非法捕鲸得不到阻止，我们将失掉他们。
6）我们呼吁国家保护海洋生物，促进可持续利用海洋生物，不要与国际社会“保护海洋
生物”背道而驰（call on，out of step with）
7）我们希望你们能对此事足够重视且采取必要的措施阻止现状继续恶化。
1.The illegal hunt for whales is becoming bad to worse.
2.The past five years has witnessed the sharp decrease of the whales
3.So far, the whales have been the main target of the illegal hunt in the whole world.
4.The balance of nature destroyed,we will suffer a lot
5.If we didn’t stop the illegal hunt in the ocean,we would lose them.
6.We call on the country to preserve sea life,promote sustainable use of sea life,and do not be out of step with the international community---the protection of sea life.
7.We hope that you could consider this matter seriously and take measures to prevent it from bad to worse.
第五步：连句成文
Dear Sir or Madam，
I am writing to complain that the illegal hunt for whales is becoming bad to worse. As a result,the past five years has witnessed the sharp decrease of the whales because it has been the main target of the illegal hunt in the whole world so far.
The balance of nature destroyed,we will suffer a lot.It is a time when we call on the country to preserve sea life,promote sustainable use of sea life,and do not be out of step with the international community---the protection of sea life.If we didn't stop the illegal hunt in the ocean,we would lose them.
We hope that you could consider this matter seriously and take measures to prevent it from bad to worse.
Yours，
Li_Hua
由此可见，外刊内容新颖，语言地道，知识丰富，词语实用---这些特点可大大加强英语教学（学习）的现代性、复合性和实用性，因而具有很好的语言教学（学习）价值。所以我们在英语教学（学习）中，要尽可能去利用外刊，结合课本，建构学生的认知体系，能较好的培养其英语学科素养，提升学生的运用英语语言做事的能力，用英语进行多元思维、创造的能力，能理解各国文化内涵，能理解并尊重文化差异，利用不同的思维方式学习语言。因而，我们老师在英语教学中需高度重视如何在英语教学中做到“物尽其用”精选外刊，来服务于我们英语的教与学。
有关论文参考素材：
1）《高考英语命题揭秘与专题练析》广东人民教育出版社 蒋小青
2）《如何通过阅读外刊积累英文写作句型？》教育博主 魏剑锋《地道英文写作进阶》作者
3）《核按钮*高中英语单元导学练BX一》青于蓝考试研究院 编
4）《普通高中英语课程标准》（2017年版2020年修订） 人民教育出版社 中华人民共和国教育部制定