¸ßÑÞ
ÉÂÎ÷Ê¡ÏÌÑôÊг¤ÎäÏØͤ¿ÚÕòÖÐÐÄСѧ 713600
ÕªÒª£ºÒÔÄ¿Ç°À´¿´£¬Ð¡Ñ§½×¶ÎµÄÓ¢Óï½Ìѧ¶ÔÓÚѧÉúÔĶÁÄÜÁ¦²»¶ÏÌáÉý£¬ÔÚÕâÑùµÄÇé¿öÏ£¬ÎªÁË´ÙʹѧÉúÄܹ»ÕæÕýÒâÒåÉÏ»îѧ»îÓ㬽«Ó¢ÓïÕâÒ»ÃÅÓïÑÔ¼¼ÄÜÓÐЧÕÆÎÕ£¬ÄÇô»¹ÐèÒª½øÐÐÓÐЧµÄÔĶÁÖ¸µ¼¡£½øÐÐÔĶÁÖ¸µ¼µÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÓÈÆäҪעÒâѧÉú֪ʶµÄÕÆÎÕ£¬Á˽âÔĶÁ²ßÂÔ£¬Ò»¶¨³Ì¶ÈÉϸ¨ÖúѧÉúÀí½âÔĶÁ²ÄÁÏ£¬½µµÍÔĶÁÄѶȣ¬Ñø³ÉÁ¼ºÃµÄÔĶÁÐËȤºÍÏ°¹ß¡£²¢ÔÚÕâ»ù´¡ÉϹÄÀøѧÉú½«Ëùѧ֪ʶ¼ÓÒÔÒ»¶¨³Ì¶ÈÉϵÄÔËÓã¬ÎªÑ§Éú¹µÍ¨½»Á÷¡¢Ð´×÷µÈ·½ÃæÌṩ»ú»á£¬²ÅÄÜÓÐЧ½øÐÐÔĶÁ·½ÃæÖ¸µ¼¡£
¹Ø¼ü´Ê£ºÐ¡Ñ§Ó¢Ó½Ìѧ²ßÂÔ£»ÔĶÁ½Ìѧ£»Ö¸µ¼£»·½·¨£»
ÒýÑÔ£º
Ó¢ÓïºËÐÄËØÑøÅàÑøµÄ´ó±³¾°Ï£¬Ð¡Ñ§Ó¢Óï½Ìѧ¹ý³ÌÖÐÔĶÁÄÜÁ¦µÄÌá¸ß¾Í¾ß±¸×ÅÒ»¶¨µÄÖØÒªÐÔ£¬ÎªÁ˸üºÃµÄ¿ªÕ¹ÔĶÁ½Ìѧ£¬½ÌʦÐèÒª½áºÏѧÉúÏÖÓеÄÔĶÁÄÜÁ¦ºÍÓ¢ÓïѧϰÏÖ¿ö½øÐÐÒ»¶¨µÄÔĶÁÖ¸µ¼£¬Ñ¡ÔñºÏÊʵÄÔĶÁ²ÄÁÏ¡£Ö»ÓÐͨ¹ýÕâÑùµÄ·½·¨ºÍ´ëÊ©Ö®ºó£¬Ñ§ÉúÔĶÁ²Å¿ÉÒÔ¸ü¼Ó˳Àû²Å¿ÉÒÔÌáÉýѧÉúÔĶÁµÄÐËȤ£¬¼õÉÙÔÚÔĶÁ¹ý³ÌÖгöÏÖµÄһϵÁв»ÀûÓ°Ï죬¶ÔѧÉúѧϰÖÊÁ¿ºÍѧϰÐËȤ²úÉú¸ÉÈÅ¡£Óë´Ëͬʱ£¬»¹ÐèҪעÖغóÐø֪ʶµÄÁé»îÔËÓ㬽«¸÷Àà֪ʶÁªÏµÆðÀ´£¬ÓÐЧÔËÓ㬲ÅÄÜÈ¡µÃ¸üºÃµÄ½ÌѧЧ¹û£¬ÈÃѧÉúÕæÕýÒâÒåÉÏʵÏÖÓ¢ÓïµÄѧÒÔÖÂÓá£
Ò»¡¢´ÓÐËȤ³ö·¢Ö¸µ¼Ñ§ÉúÕýÈ·ÔĶÁ
¼ÈÍùºÜ¶àÓ¢ÓïÔĶÁ½Ìѧ¶¼¾ß±¸½ÏÇ¿µÄ¿Ì°åÐÔ£¬²¢²»¹ØעѧÉúѧϰµÄÖ÷ÌåÐÔ£¬¿ªÕ¹½Ìѧ»î¶¯µÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ñ§ÉúµÄѧϰÍùÍù¾ß±¸×ÅÒ»¶¨µÄµ¥µ÷ÐԺͿÝÔïÐÔ£¬ÕâÑù¾Íµ¼ÖÂÁËѧÉúºóÐøѧϰÃæÁÙןܶàµÄÎÊÌ⣬ÔĶÁֻΪÁËÓ¦¶Ô¿¼ÊÔ£¬¶ø·ÇÑø³ÉÁËÁ¼ºÃµÄÔĶÁÐËȤ[1]¡£³¤´ËÒÔÍù£¬Ò»·½ÃæѧÉúµÄѧϰÖÊÁ¿»áÊܵ½Ó°Ï죬ÁíÍâÒ»·½ÃæѧÉúÓ¢Óïѧϰ¾ÍÄÑÒÔѧÒÔÖÂÓã¬Ã»ÓÐÓ¦ÓõÄÇþµÀ£¬Ó¢ÓïÔĶÁµÄ˳Àû¿ªÕ¹¾ÍÏà¶Ô½ÏΪÀ§ÄÑ¡£ÄÇôÔÚÏֽ׶οªÕ¹ÔĶÁ½ÌѧµÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬¾ÍÐèÒªÓÐЧµÄ¶ÔѧÉú½øÐÐÒ»¶¨Ö¸µ¼£¬ÕâÒ»Ö¸µ¼Òª´ÓѧÉúÐËȤ³ö·¢£¬Í¬Ê±»¹ÐèÒª½áºÏѧÉúÏÖÓеÄÓ¢ÓïÄÜÁ¦£¬ÔÚÔĶÁ֮ǰ½øÐÐÌáÇ°µÄ×¼±¸ºÍ²ð½â£¬ÈÃÔ±¾½ÏΪ¸´ÔÓµÄÔĶÁÄܹ»ÈÃѧÉúÕýÈ·Àí½â£¬ÒÔͨ¹ýÕâÑùµÄ·½·¨¸üºÃµÄ¿ªÕ¹½Ìѧ¡£ÔĶÁµÄ¹ý³ÌÖÐÒªÈÃѧÉú½Ó´¥¸ü¶àµÄδ֪֪ʶ£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²Òª½áºÏѧÉúÏÖÓеÄÒÑÕÆÎÕ֪ʶ£¬ÔÚÒÑÕÆÎÕ֪ʶµÄ»ù´¡ÉÏ£¬½øÐÐÒ»¶¨µÄÍØÕ¹£¬´Ó¶øÈÃѧÉúµÄѧϰ¸ü¼Ó¾ß±¸È¤Î¶ÐÔºÍÐËȤÐÔ£¬¹ÄÀøѧÉú×ÔÖ÷ÔĶÁ£¬»ý¼«·¢ÏÖÓ¢Óï֪ʶ£¬²Å¿ÉÒÔÈ¡µÃ¸üºÃµÄ½ÌѧЧ¹û£¬ÌáÉýѧÉúѧϰµÄÖ÷¶¯ÐÔ¡¢×ÔÖ÷ÐÔ¡£
±ÈÈç˵ÔÚÔĶÁÓ뺮êÑÏà¹ØµÄ²ÄÁÏʱ£¬½Ìʦ¾Í¿ÉÒÔÊ×ÏÈ´ÓÉú»î½Ç¶È³ö·¢£¬½²½âÈËÃÇÈÕ³£º®êѵÄÖ÷Òª»°Ì⣬Èçʱ¼ä¡¢ÈÕÆÚ¡¢ÌìÆø¡¢Òûʳ£¬Ñ§Ï°¡¢Éú»î¡¢·½Î»µÈµÈ£¬È»ºóÒýµ¼Ñ§ÉúÖ𲽵ĽøÐи´Ï°¡£Ð¡Ñ§½×¶Î¶ÔÓÚÕâЩ»ù´¡ÓÃÓïÒѾ½øÐÐÁ˼òµ¥µÄѧϰ£¬Òò´ËÔÚ½øÐÐÔĶÁµÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾ÝѧÉú¼ÈÍùËùѧϰµ½µÄ֪ʶ£¬Ñ¡ÔñÏàÓ¦µÄÔĶÁ²ÄÁÏ¡£ÔĶÁ²ÄÁϽøÐÐѧϰÀí½â¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ê×ÏÈϵͳÐԵĸ´Ï°Á˽çÍõËùѧϰµ½µÄ֪ʶ£¬È»ºóÔÙ½øÒ»²½½Ìѧʱ¹ÄÀøѧÉú½øÐÐ×ÔÖ÷ÔĶÁ£¬Ñ§ÉúץסÔĶÁµÄ¹Ø¼üÐÅÏ¢£¬×¥×¡ÔĶÁ²ÄÁϵÄÖ÷Ì⣬¸ü¼Ó¼òµ¥£¬¸ü¼Ó·á¸»µÄ½øÐÐѧϰ£¬ÕÒµ½²ÄÁÏÖ®ÖеÄÒ»¸öºËÐĹÊÊÂÏß»òÕßÊǺËÐÄÇé½Ú¡£ÕâÑùÒ»À´ºóÐø¿ªÕ¹½ÌѧÔò¸ü¼Ó˳Àû£¬Äܹ»ÈÃѧÉúÖð½¥µÄÑø³ÉÔĶÁÏ°¹ßºÍÔĶÁÐËȤ£¬»ý¼«ÔÚѧϰºÍÉú»îÖ®Öз¢ÏÖÓëÓ¢ÓïÔĶÁÏà¹ØµÄ֪ʶ£¬ÊµÏÖѧϰϰ¹ßµÄÑø³ÉºÍѧϰÐËȤµÄÓÅ»¯£¬´Ó¶ø¶à·½ÃæµÄÌá¸ßѧϰÖÊÁ¿ºÍ½ÌѧЧÂÊ¡£
¶þ¡¢Á¢×ã֪ʶÔËÓù®¹ÌѧÉúÔĶÁÀí½â
ÔĶÁÓëд×÷¡¢¿ÚÓï±í´ïÖ®¼ä³ÊÏָ߶ȹØÁªÐÔ£¬ÈýÕßÖ®¼äÃܲ»¿É·Ö£¬Æä»ù´¡¶¼½¨Á¢ÔÚ´Ê»ãºÍÓï·¨ÉÏ£¬È»ºó½øÐв»Í¬µÄ¹µÍ¨½»Á÷ºÍÐÅÏ¢´«µÝ£¬ÄÇôΪÁ˸üºÃµÄ½øÐÐÔĶÁÀí½â¹®¹ÌÔĶÁÀí½âËùѧϰµÄ֪ʶ£¬Ïֽ׶λ¹ÐèҪΪѧÉú½¨Á¢Ò»¸ö½»Á÷µÄƽ̨£¬¹ÄÀøѧÉú½«ÔĶÁËùѧ֪ʶ½øÐн»Á÷»¥¶¯[2]¡£Ñ§ÒÔÖÂÓÃÊÇÌáÉýѧϰÖÊÁ¿µÄ¹Ø¼üËùÔÚ£¬Ò²ÊǷḻѧÉúѧϰÐËȤµÄºËÐÄ£¬Ö»Óе±Ñ§Éú·¢ÏÖËùѧ֪ʶµÄÓÃÎäÖ®µØ£¬²ÅÄÜÔÚ²»¶ÏÔËÓÃÖ®Öй®¹Ì×ÔÉí֪ʶѧϰ£¬¸üºÃµÄÌá¸ßѧϰЧÂÊ¡£
¶ÔÓÚСѧ½×¶ÎѧÉúÀ´Ëµ£¬ÖªÊ¶Ïà¶Ô½ÏΪ»ù´¡£¬ÄÇô»¹ÐèÒªÔÚÉú»îÖ®ÖнøÐÐÔËÓã¬Ñø³ÉÁ¼ºÃµÄÉú»îÔËÓÃ˼ά£¬½«Ó¢ÓïºÍÉú»î¸ß¶È¹ØÁªÆðÀ´¡£Òò´ËÔÚÔĶÁ½ÌѧµÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬µ±Ñ§Éú½øÐÐ×ÊÁϵÄÔĶÁÖ®ºó£¬½Ìʦ½øÐÐϵͳÐÔ½²½â£¬×îºóÁôÓÐÒ»¶Îʱ¼ä½»¸øѧÉú½øÐÐд×÷¡¢½»Á÷¡£±ÈÈçÔÚѧϰºÍÊéÐÅÏà¹ØµÄÔĶÁ×ÊÁÏʱ£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔÈÃѧÉú½øÐÐ×ÔÖ÷µÄдÐŽ»Á÷£¬Á·Ï°ÊéÃæ±í´ïÄÜÁ¦¡£»òÕß¹ÄÀøѧÉú½øÐÐÃæ¶ÔÃæµÄ½»Á÷£¬±Ë´Ëº®êÑ£¬½øÐÐÈÕ³£½»Á÷£¬½«³£¼ûµÄÈÕ³£ÓÃÓï±ä»»³ÉÓ¢ÓïÀ´»¥ÏຮêÑ¡£Í¨¹ýÕâÑùµÄ½Ìѧ·½·¨Ö®ºó£¬Ñ§ÉúÕæÕýÒâÒåÉÏʵÏÖÁËÓ¢Óï¼¼ÄܵÄÓÅ»¯£¬½«Ó¢Óï»Ø¹éÆä±¾ÖÊ£¬ÈÃÆä³ÉΪһÖÖÐèҪѧϰ֮ºó½øÐÐÓ¦ÓõÄÓïÑÔ¹¤¾ß£¬Ìá¸ßѧÉúµÄÔĶÁÐËȤ£¬ÈÃÔĶÁд×÷ºÍ¿ÚÓï±í´ïÁªÏµÔÚÒ»Æð¡£
Èý¡¢½áÊøÓï
ÈçÉÏËùÊö£¬ÔÚĿǰСѧӢÓïÔĶÁ½ÌѧµÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÓÐЧµÄÓ¢ÓïÖ¸µ¼±ØÐëÒª½¨Á¢ÔÚѧÉúµÄÐËȤ»ù´¡ÉÏ£¬´ÓÐËȤ½Ç¶È³ö·¢£¬ÓÐЧµÄ¶ÔѧÉú½øÐÐÔĶÁ¼¼ÇɵÄÖ¸µ¼£¬È»ºóÁ¢×ãÓÚ֪ʶÔËÓ㬹®¹ÌѧÉúµÄÔĶÁÀí½â¡£
²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×:
[1] »ÆÐã¾ê. ·½·¨ÒýÁ쾡Ïí¾«²Ê——dzÎöСѧӢÓï¿ÎÌÃÖеÄÔĶÁ²ßÂÔÖ¸µ¼[J]. ÈËÎÄÖ®ÓÑ, 2019, 000(005):188-188.
[2] ´÷¾²Æ¼. dz̸»æ±¾ÔĶÁÔÚСѧӢÓï½ÌѧÖеÄʵ¼ù̽Ñо¿[J]. СѧÉú:½Ìѧʵ¼ù, 2019, 000(007):4-4.