Ñîæº
Â̵ؿعɼ¯ÍÅ»ªÖз¿µØ²úÊÂÒµ²¿?ºþ±±Î人?430000
ÕªÒª£º×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþÓÐ×ÅÅúÁ¿»¯Éú²ú¡¢½¨ÔìËٶȿ졢ʩ¹¤»·¾³Õû½àÇÒÓÐЧ½µµÍÈ˹¤³É±¾µÄÌص㣬Òò¶øÊܵ½½¨Öþ¸÷½çµÄ¹ã·º»¶Ó¡£µ«ÓÉÓÚÆäÅúÁ¿¹¤Òµ»¯Éú²ú£¬½¨ÖþÔìÐͺÜÈÝÒ×±äµÃµ¥Ò»¡¢´ô°å£¬ÉõÖÁǧƪһÂÉ¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÔÚ×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþµÄÁ¢ÃæÉè¼ÆÖУ¬Ò»¶¨Òª´òÆƽ¨ÖþÎï¿Ì°åµÄÍⲿÁ¢ÃæºÍÌåÁ¿£¬´´ÔìÁ¢ÃæÔìÐͷḻÇÒÌåÁ¿ÊÊÒ˵ÄÊÓ¾õЧ¹û¡£½áºÏ×°Åäʽ½¨Öþ¹¹¼þ¹¤³§»¯Éú²úµÄÌص㣬×ܽá×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþµÄÁ¢ÃæÉè¼Æ²ßÂÔ£¬´Ó¶ø×ö³ö¼È¿ÉÒÔÅúÁ¿»¯Éú²ú¹¹¼þÈ´ÓÖ²»Ê§ÃÀ¹ÛµÄÁ¢ÃæÉè¼ÆЧ¹û¡£
¹Ø¼ü´Ê£º×¡Õ¬£»×°Åäʽ£»Á¢ÃæÉè¼Æ
ÖÐͼ·ÖÀàºÅ£ºTU318¡¡ ÎÄÏ×±êʶÂ룺A
1×°Åäʽ½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆµÄ¾ßÌå±íÏÖÌØÕ÷
ÔÚ×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþºóÆÚµÄÊ©¹¤»·½ÚÖУ¬ÏñÔ¤ÖÆ°åºÍ¸Ö¹¹¼þÕâÀàµÄ½¨Öþ²ÄÁÏ¿ÉÒÔ½øÐйæÄ£»¯µÄÉú²ú¼Ó¹¤£¬ÄÇôÔÚ°²×°¹¤×÷ÉÏ¿ÉÒÔ½ÚÊ¡Ò»´ó²¿·Öʱ¼ä¡£Í¬Ê±×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþʹÉè¼Æ¹¤×÷ºÍÊ©¹¤¹¤×÷ÍêÃÀ½áºÏÔÚÒ»Æð£¬ÔÚ¸÷¸ö»·½ÚµÄÏνӹ¤×÷ÉÏÆðµ½ÁË´Ù½ø×÷Ó㬱£Ö¤Á˺óÆÚ½¨ÖþÎïµÄÖÊÁ¿¡£Ëæ×ŵ±½ñÉç»áÐÅÏ¢¼¼ÊõµÄ²»¶ÏÌá¸ß£¬ÔÚ×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþÔ¤ÖƼӹ¤¹¤³§¿ÉÒÔ¶Ô´«Í³¹¤ÒÕ½øÐÐÉî¶ÈÓÅ»¯¡£ÔÚÔ¤ÖÆÁ㲿¼þµÄ°²×°¹¤×÷ÖпÉÒÔ²ÉÈ¡º¸½ÓÅäºÏÂÝ˨¹Ì¶¨µÄ·½Ê½½øÐУ¬Í¨¹ý´Ë·½·¨¿ÉÒÔÈÃÉú²ú±ê×¼´ïµ½Ò»¸ö¹æ·¶µÄˮƽ£¬´Ù½ø½¨ÖþÐÐÒµµÄ³¤ÆÚ·¢Õ¹¡£×îºó£¬ÔÚ×°Åäʽ½¨ÉèµÄÉè¼Æ¹¤×÷ÖУ¬¿ÉÒÔÔËÓñê×¼»¯¡¢Ä£¿é»¯µÄÉè¼Æ·½Ê½£¬ÕâÑùÄܹ»ÈÃÉè¼ÆЧÂʵõ½ÓÐЧÌá¸ß£¬Ê©¹¤ÖÜÆÚÒ²ÄܱÈÔ¤Ëãʱ¼äÓÐËùËõ¶Ì£¬½ÚÔ¼ÁËʱ¼ä³É±¾£¬¹¤³§ÔÚÔ¤Öƹ¹¼þµÄÉú²ú¹ý³ÌÖпÉÒÔºÍÈýάÁ¢ÌåÄ£ÐͽøÐÐÅäºÏ¹¤×÷£¬¼Ó¿ìÉú²úЧÂÊ£¬±£Ö¤²úÆ·ÖÊÁ¿¡£
2 Á¢ÃæÉè¼ÆÔÔò
2.1¹æ¸ñ×îÉÙÔÔò
×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþÁ¢ÃæÔªËع¹¼þÐèÔÚ¹¤³§ÖÐʹÓÃÄ£°åÔ¤ÖÆ£¬Á¢ÃæÔªËصĹæ¸ñÔ½ÉÙÒâζ×ÅËùÐèÖÆÔìµÄÄ£°åÔ½ÉÙ£¬´Ó¶øÌá¸ßÉú²úЧÂÊ£¬½ÚÊ¡¸ü¶àµÄÈËÁ¦ÎïÁ¦¡£
2.2 ÕûÌåÐÔÔÔò
×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþµÄÁ¢ÃæÉè¼ÆÓ¦´Ó½¨ÖþµÄÕûÌå³ö·¢£¬¶ø²»Êǵ¥¶ÀÊÓÆäΪ½¨ÖþÍâ±íƤÀ´Éè¼Æ¡£ÔÚÕûÌå¹ØϵÉÏ£¬Ê¹Á¢ÃæµÄ¸÷¸ö²¿·Ö»¥ÏàÖ®¼ä´æÔÚÁªÏµÓëÓ°Ï죬´Ó¶ø´´×÷³öÓлú¶øÓÖ¶àÑùµÄ½¨ÖþÁ¢ÃæÐÎʽ¡£
2.3 ͳһÓë±ä»¯ÔÔò
Á¢ÃæÉè¼ÆµÄÇÐÈëµã¿É·ÖΪºê¹ÛÓë΢¹Û¡£ºê¹ÛÖ¸µ¥Ì彨Öþ»ò½¨ÖþȺÕûÌ壬΢¹ÛÖ¸½¨Öþϸ²¿¹¹¼þ¡£ÔÚÉè¼ÆÖÐÓ¦³ä·Öе÷ºê¹ÛÓë΢¹ÛÖ®¼äµÄ±ä»¯ÒòËØ£¬×öµ½ºê¹ÛÖ®ÖÐÓÐͳһ¶ø΢¹ÛÖ®¼äÓб仯¡£
2.4ÔÏÂÉÓë½Ú×àÔÔò
×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþµÄ½¨ÔìÌصãÊÇÏàͬ¹¹¼þµÄ´óÅúÁ¿Öظ´Ê¹Óã¬Í¨¹ý¶ÔÖظ´¹¹¼þÓÐÐòµÄ×éºÏÅÅÁУ¬»òÓÐÐòµÄÅçÍ¿²»Í¬µÄÉ«²Ê£¬¿ÉÒÔʹ½¨ÖþµÄÍâÁ¢Ãæ¸ü¼ÓÃÀ¹Û£¬²¢²úÉúºÜÇ¿µÄÔÏÂɸÐÓë½Ú×à¸Ð¡£
2.5±ÈÀýÓë³ß¶ÈÔÔò
±ÈÀýÊÊÒËÊDZ£Ö¤½¨ÖþÍⲿÁ¢ÃæÐÎʽÃÀ¹ÛµÄÖØÒªÒòËØ£¬½¨ÖþµÄÁ¢ÃæÉè¼ÆÓ¦±£Ö¤ÆäÕûÌå³ß´ç±ÈÀý£¬Ï¸²¿¹¹¼þÈç´°¡¢ÕÚÑô°å¡¢×°Êι¹¼þ³¤¿í±ÈÒÔ¼°½¨ÖþÕûÌåÓë¹¹¼þÖ®¼äµÄ±ÈÀý¹ØϵµÈ¡£
3סլװÅäʽ½¨ÖþÁ¢ÃæÉè¼Æ²ßÂÔ
ÔÚ×°ÅäʽԤÖƽ¨ÖþµÄÁ¢ÃæÉè¼ÆÖУ¬±ØÐë±£³ÖˮƽÓë´¹Ö±½á¹¹Ï໥×éºÏ£¬ÔÚˮƽ½á¹¹Í¼ÖбØÐë¶ÔÔ¤ÖÆÍâǽ½øÐзָÖ÷ÒªÊǽ«Ñǫ̂¡¢´°»§·Ö¸ô¿ªÀ´¡£ÔÚ´¹Ö±½á¹¹Í¼ÖУ¬Í¹³öµÄÔ¤Öƹ¹¼þÓ¦¸Ã´¹Ö±ÓÚ¹æÔò½øÐÐÊ©¹¤£¬Ñǫ̂µÄÉè¼ÆÒªÔÚˮƽֱÁ¢ÃæÉÏÍ»³ö±íÏÖ£¬Ê¹ÆäÔÚÍâǽÐγÉÒ»¸öµ¥¶ÀµÄÖ÷Ì壬ÈÃÍâÁ¢Ãæ³ÉΪÐí¶àÑǫ̂°üΧ×éºÏµÄ´¹Ö±Ö÷Ìå¡£³ý´ËÖ®Í⣬±ØÐë¶ÔÍⲿϸ½Ú½øÐÐÑϸñÇ¿»¯µÄ´¦Àí£¬ºÏÀí²ÉÓÃÔ¤ÖÆÑǫ̂ºÍÂ¥ÌÝ¡£
3.1ÓÐÏÞµ¥Ôª¹¹¼þ£¬¶àÖÖÆ´½Ó·½Ê½
Éè¼Æ¹ý³ÌÖÐÑ¡ÓÃÓÐÏ޵ļ¸ÖÖÁ¢Ãæ¹¹¼þ£¬²ÉÓöàÖÖ²»Í¬µÄ·½Ê½Æ´½Ó£¬´Ó¶øʹÕû¸ö½¨ÖþµÄÁ¢ÃæÔڱ仯֮ÖÐÌåÏÖ³öͳһ¸Ð¡£
ÈçÐÛ°²ÊÐÃñ·þÎñÖÐÐÄÆóÒµÁÙʱ°ì¹«Çø£¬½¨ÖþÁ¢ÃæÓÉËĸöÊúÏò»ù±¾µ¥Ôª¹¹¼þ×é³É£¬°üÀ¨²£Á§¿ªÆôĻǽ¡¢ÂÌ»¯Õּܡ¢Ç³»ÒÉ«Ë®ÄàÏËά°åÒÔ¼°Éî»ÒÉ«Ë®ÄàÏËά°å¡£ÔÚÀïÃæµÄÉè¼Æ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Í¨¹ýÿ¸öµ¥ÔªÄÚËĸö¹¹¼þλÖõIJ»Í¬·ÅÖã¬À´Ê¹Õû¸ö½¨ÖþÁ¢Ãæ¼ÈÕûÌåͳһ£¬ÓÖÔÚÄÚ²¿¸»Óб仯¡£
3.2 µ¥Ôª¹¹¼þÏàͬ£¬²ÄÖÊÑÕÉ«²»Í¬
×°Åäʽ½¨Öþ³ýÁËͨ¹ý¹¹¼þλÖõı仯À´·á¸»Á¢ÃæÖ®Í⣬»¹¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý¸Ä±ä¹¹½¨Íâ±íÃæµÄ²ÄÖʺÍÑÕÉ«Éè¼Æ½¨ÖþµÄÕûÌåÁ¢Ã档ɫ²Ê¿ÉÒԺܺõرí´ï½¨ÖþÎïÏëÒª´«´ïµÄÇéÐ÷£¬×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþÉ«²Ê¹¹½¨ÒªºÍÖÜΧµÄ»·¾³Ðµ÷ͳһ£¬ºÍ×ÔÉíµÄ¹¦ÄÜÏศÏà³É¡£ÈçÎ÷°àÑÀÀ¿Æ³ÄáÑǸ¾²ú¿ÆҽԺͣ³µÂ¥£¬½¨ÖþµÄÍâÁ¢Ãæͨ¹ý²»Í¬ÑÕÉ«µÄ²ÊÉ«½ðÊô°åÌõÀ´¼õÇá»ìÄýÍÁ°å½¨ÖþµÄºñÖظУ¬Í¬Ê±Ò²Ó븾²úÒ½ÔºÕâÒ»³äÂúÏ£ÍûµÄ½¨ÖþÐγɺôÓ¦¡£
3.3µ¥ÔªÖظ´£¬ÕûÌåÍâÐηḻ
½¨ÖþËù×é³ÉµÄµ¥Ôª¹¹¼þ»ù±¾ÐÎͬ£¬µ«Í¨¹ý¶Ô½¨Öþµ¥ÔªµÄ±ä»¯ÅÅÁÐ×éºÏ£¬¿ÉÒÔËÜÔ콨ÖþµÄÕûÌåÁ¢Ã棬ʹ֮¸ü¼ÓÃÀ¹ÛÇÒÔìÐͷḻ¡£ÈçÔ½ÄÏFPT ´óѧÀí¹¤Â¥£¬½¨ÖþÍâÁ¢Ãæ²ÉÓÃÓÉÖ²ÎïÑǫ̂ºÍ·½ÐÎǽÌåËù×éºÏ¶ø³ÉµÄÄ£¿é£¬Éè¼Æʦͨ¹ý¶Ô¸ÃÄ£¿éµÄÓÐÐò¶ÑµþÓëÐüÌôÉè¼ÆÀ´·á¸»½¨ÖþµÄÍⲿÔìÐÍ£¬ÊµÏÖÁ˶Ե¥Ò»Ä£¿é×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþµÄÍâÁ¢ÃæÓÅ»¯Éè¼Æ¡£
3.4Éè¼Æ×¢ÒâÊÂÏî
ÔÚÉè¼Æ¹ý³ÌÖÐͳ³ï¸÷רҵµÄÉè¼ÆÌص㣬×öµ½¼ÈÂú×ã×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþµÄÉè¼ÆÒªÇóÓÖ±ãÓÚÊ©¹¤¡£×°Åäʽ½¨Öþ×î³£ÓõÄÊǵþºÏÂ¥°å£¬µþºÏÂ¥°åÒªÇóÂ¥°åƽÕû¾¡Á¿²»Òª³öÏÖ½µ°åÇøÓò£¬Õâ¾ÍÐèÒª½¨Öþרҵе÷¸øÅÅˮרҵ£¬ºÏÀí²¼Öýà¾ß¼°µØ©λÖ㬵÷ÕûµØÃæÅÅË®·½Ïò£¬±£Ö¤ÔÚ²»½µ°åµÄÇ°ÌáÏÂʹÎÀÉú¼äµÄµØÃæµÍÓÚÆäËû·¿¼ä¡£Îª¼õÉÙÔ¤ÖÆǽ°åÉú²ú³§¼ÒµÄÔ¤Áô»·½Ú¼°Ê©¹¤ÄѶȣ¬É豸רҵµÄÁ¢¹Ü¾¡Á¿×ßÔÚÏÖ½½¶ÎÄÚ¡£ÎÒÃǵĽâ¾ö·½°¸Êǽ¨ÖþרҵÔÚµ¥Ôª´óÑùͼÖаÑÏÖ½½Ç½ºÍÔ¤ÖÆǽÇø·Ö³öÀ´¡£Êµ¼ùÖ¤Ã÷£¬ËäÈ»Ôö¼ÓÁ˽¨ÖþרҵµÄ»æͼÁ¿£¬µ«ÊÇΪºóÐø¸÷רҵÌṩÁË·½±ã£¬×îÖÕÌá¸ßÁ˳öͼЧÂÊ¡£
4ÍêÉÆÔ¤ÖÆ×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþÉè¼ÆµÄÏà¹Ø´ëÊ©
4.1 ÓÅÑ¡½á¹¹ÏµÍ³
ΪʹԤÖÆ×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþÉè¼Æ¸ü¼Ó¿ÆѧÍêÉÆ£¬Éè¼ÆÈËÔ±Ðë×öºÃ½á¹¹ÌåϵµÄÑ¡Ôñ£¬¸Ã»·½Ú¹Øºõ½¨Öþ¹¤³ÌµÄÕûÌåЧÒ棬ӰÏì׎¨ÖþÎïµÄ¹¦ÄÜÊôÐÔ£¬¶ÔÕûÌ彨Éè¾ßÓм«ÎªÉîÔ¶µÄÒâÒå¡£¸Ã¹¤×÷Éè¼ÆÔÀíÓëÏÖ½½½á¹¹Éè¼ÆÔÀí»ù±¾Ò»Ö£¬Ô¤Öƽ¨ÖþÉè¼ÆÖÐÈô²ÉÓà SP ²ãѹ°å¼ôÁ¦Ç½½á¹¹Á¬½Ó£¬ÔòÕýÃæÌØÕ÷Ïà¶Ô¼òµ¥£¬Ç½±ÚÆ´×°µÄ¹ý³ÌÖÐÒ²¿ÉºÏÀíÉèÖã¬ÒÔ¼õÇṤ³ÌÏÖ³¡µÄÖ§³ÅѹÁ¦£¬Ê©¹¤Ò²¸ü¼Ó±ã½Ý¡£ÔÙÕ߸ýṹÌåϵµÄ°åÅ÷¿ç¶È¼«´ó£¬ÄÜÓÐЧÀ©Õ¹½¨ÖþµÄÄÚ²¿¿Õ¼ä£¬ÔöÇ¿¿Õ¼ä»®·ÖµÄÁé»îÐÔ¡£Ç½°åÊôÓÚÍâǽװÊΣ¬°üº¬µÄ×÷ÒµÓÐÍâǽװÊΡ¢±£Î¡¢ÃÅ´°½á¹¹£¬×öºÃ¸ÃÏî×÷ÒµÉè¼Æ£¬Äܹ»ÓÐЧ¹æ±ÜǽÃæ¼°ÃÅ´°µÄÉøË®ÎÊÌ⣬²¢ÓÅ»¯ÍâǽµÄÍâ±£ÎÂÐÔÄÜ£¬Ìá¸ßǽÌå×°ÊÎÍßƬµÄÖÊÁ¿£¬¼õÉÙÍÑÂäµÈÎÊÌâµÄ·¢Éú£¬½ø¶øÔöÇ¿½¨ÖþÕûÌåÃÀ¹ÛÐÔ£¬Ìá¸ß¼¯³É¶È¡£
4.2 ×öºÃÁ¢ÃæÉè¼Æ
¹ØÓÚÔ¤Öƽ¨ÖþÎÔÚÉè¼ÆÁ¢Ãæʱ£¬ÐëʹÓÃˮƽºÍ´¹Ö±½á¹¹µÄ×éºÏ£¬²¢ÔÚˮƽ½á¹¹Í¼Öл®·ÖÔ¤ÖÆÍâǽ¡£Ö÷ÒªÊÇ·Ö¸ô´°»§¡¢Ñǫ̂µÈ£¬²¢Í¨¹ý·Ö¸î½Ó·ì·Ö²ã¡£ÔÚ´¹Ö±½á¹¹Í¼ÖУ¬ÏòÍâ͹³öµÄÔ¤Öƹ¹¼þÓ¦´¹Ö±ÓÚ¹æÔòÊ©¼Ó£¬Ñǫ̂ÐèÔÚˮƽֱÁ¢ÃæÉÏ͹³ö£¬ÕâÑù¿ÉÔÚÍâǽÌåÖвúÉúÒ»¸ö½ÏСµÄÖ÷Ì壬¼´ÊµÏÖÍâÁ¢ÃæµÄ´¹Ö±Ö÷ÌåÒªÇ󣬸ÃÖ÷ÌåÓɶà¸öÑǫ̂×é³É¡£³ý´ËÖ®Í⣬Íⲿϸ½ÚµÄ´¦ÀíͬÑù¹Ø¼ü£¬ÆäÊôÓÚÍⲿÐÎʽÖеÄÒ»²¿·Ö£¬¸÷ϸ½ÚÉ漰ס»§¸ßʹÓÃÂʵÄ×é¼þ¡£µ«ÒòΪÆäÉú²úģʽ»á¼«´óµØÖÆÔ¼·¿ÎݵÄÍⲿÐÎ×´£¬¹ÊÒªÇ󹤳ÌÈËÔ±×öºÃϸ½Ú´¦ÀíµÄ±ä»¯¹ÜÀí£¬Ê¹ÓÃÔ¤ÖÆÑǫ̂¡¢Â¥ÌÝ¡£
½áÊøÓï
×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþµÄÁ¢ÃæÉè¼Æ·½·¨¶àÖÖ¶àÑù£¬ÒÔÉÏ×ܽᲢ²»È«Ãæ¡£Ó봫ͳ½¨É跽ʽÏà±È£¬×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþÓкܶàÏȽøÖ®´¦£¬µ«ÆäÒ²ÓÐÐí¶àÐèҪעÒâµÄÐÂÎÊÌ⣬È磺£¨1£©¹¹¼þµÄ³ß´ç³ýÁ˱ãÓÚ°²×°Ö®Í⻹Ҫ·½±ãÔËÊä¡£ÔÚÈ·¶¨¹¹¼þ³ß´ç֮ǰ£¬ÒªÁ˽âÔËÊä·ÏßÄÜͨ¹ýµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¬È·±£Ô¤Öƹ¹¼þµÄ˳ÀûÔËÊä¡££¨2£©Òª¿¼Âǹ¹¼þÔÚÊ©¹¤¹¤µØÖеĶѷż°µõ×°³¡µØÎÊÌâ¡££¨3£©Á¢ÃæµÄ¿ª´°¡¢°¼Í¹µÈλÖÃÒ»¶¨ÒªÓëÄÚ²¿½á¹¹ÏàÊÊÓ¦¡£×ܵÄÀ´Ëµ£¬×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþÀû´óÓڱס£Ä¿Ç°£¬ÖйúµÄ×°Åäʽ½¨Öþ¼¼Êõ»¹²»¹»ÍêÉÆ£¬ÏàÐÅËæ×Åʱ¼äµÄÍÆÒÆ£¬Öйú×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþµÄÏà¹ØÕþ²ßÒÔ¼°Ïà¹Ø¼¼Êõ¶¼»áÔ½À´Ô½³ÉÊ죬½¨ÔìÓÅÊÆÒ²»áÔ½À´Ô½Ã÷ÏÔ£¬ÆäÁ¢ÃæÐÎʽҲ»áÔ½À´Ô½¶àÑù»¯¡£
²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×
[1]ëÁÁ.×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþÁ¢ÃæÉè¼Æ´¦Àí[J].¾ÓÉá,2020(14):82+169.
[2]ÐìºèÃú.×°Åäʽ½¨ÖþÁ¢ÃæÉè¼Æ´¦Àí[J].½¨Öþ¼¼Êõ¿ª·¢,2019,46(13):18-19.
[3]ÍõÔÀ·å.Óйظ߲ã×°ÅäʽסլÁ¢ÃæÉè¼Æ¼¼ÊõµÄÑо¿[J].¾ÓÒµ,2017(02):67-68.